Kingdom Protista KINGDOM PROTISTA Protists are eukaryotes that

Kingdom Protista

KINGDOM PROTISTA Protists are eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals; most are unicellular; found in or near water Examples of Protists: u amoeba – use pseudopodia to move u paramecium – use cilia to move u euglena – use flagella to move u algae – are photosynthetic (ex: green, red, brown algae) u diatoms - are photosynthetic with double shells made of silica u slime and water molds (fungus-like) u sporozoans – form spores (ex: malaria, toxoplasmosis)

Classification of Protists How they obtain energy How they move u Animal Like u Plant Like amoeba euglena paramecium algae sporozoans diatoms u Fungus Like slime mold water mold

Different Kinds Of Protists Amoeba Paramecium Euglena Sporozoans (Malaria) Diatoms Algae Slime & Water Mold

AMOEBA u Pseudopod – flexible cytoplasmic extensions; “false foot” u Contractile Vacuole – removes excess water u Cyst – a hard-walled body that can exist for a long period of time until conditions become favorable

u Method of Reproduction – binary fission u Endocytosis– u Amoebic Dysentery – diarrhea and stomach upset caused by drinking contaminated water method of food intake creating food vacuoles

Euglena u Flagella – a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor for movement u Eyespot – area that detects light u Contractile Vacuole – removes excess water

u Pellicle – stiff but flexible covering that gives the organism its shape u Autotrophic – have chloroplast u Heterotrophic– absorbs food across to can undergo their cell membrane photosynthesis

Paramecium u Cilia – tiny hairlike projections u Pellicle – a thick outer membrane u Contractile Vacuole – removes excess water u Trichocysts – thread like organelles used as defense mechanisms

Behavio Behavi from an unpleasan u Micronucleus – u Avoidance controls reproduction; asexually (binary fission) or sexually (conjugation) u Macronucleus – controls everything but reproduction

Kingdom Fungi

KINGDOM FUNGI Characteristics: u eukaryotes u multicellular, except for yeast (unicellular) u cell walls are made of chitin u “absorptive” heterotrophs, they do not ingest their food, they secrete digestive enzymes then absorb the nutrients (extracellular digestion) ex: saprophytes – live off dead organisms parasites – live off living organisms

Why are fungi not classified as plants? u They are heterotrophs, not autotrophs. u They have no chloroplast/chlorophyll. u They have no true roots, stems, and leaves.

Internal Structure of Fungi u The bodies of fungi consist of hyphae (long slender strands of cells). A branching network of hyphae is called mycelium.

How do fungi reproduce? u Asexually – cells divide to produce spores or a piece of hyphae breaks off and grows into a new fungus u Sexually – the hyphae of two different fungi grow close together and the hyphae join together producing a genetically different fungi

Types of Fungi: u Club Fungi (Basidiomycetes) – mushrooms; forms spores in a structure called basidium u Sac Fungi (Ascomycetes) – truffles, mildew; forms spores in a sac called asci; also includes yeast u Thread-like Fungi (Zygomycetes)bread mold; spores found in sporangium u Imperfect Fungi ( Deuteromycota) includes Althete’s foot, ringworm, thrush

Symbiotic Relationships u Lichens – symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi u Mycorrhizae – symbiotic fungi that inhabit the roots of plants and help supply them with nutrients

Types of Fungi Zygomycetes Mushrooms (Thread-like Fungi) Basidiomycetes (Club Fungi) Bread Mold Yeast Ascomycetes (Sac Fungi)

Fungi Classification