APUSH Unit 1 Lecture 1 covers Chapter 1

APUSH: Unit 1, Lecture 1 (covers Chapter 1) Mrs. Kray Some slides taken from Susan Pojer at historyteacher. net

• Land Bridge – 40, 000 yrs ago • Debate over Native American Population – By 1490 s: 50 to 75 mil. – N. America: 1 to 10 mil.

• Where the great majority of Native Americans lived • Developed highly organized societies – Yucatan – Mayans – Central Mexico – Aztecs – Peru – Incas

• Most Common • Settlements semipermanent • Pop: seldom above 300 • Examples: Sioux and Pawnee

• Southwest (NM) – Pueblos • MI & OH River Valleys – mound-building cultures – Adena, Hopewell, Mississippians • Northeast (NY) – League of the Iroquois

• Renaissance Period – time of great artistic and scientific activity • Use of gunpowder spreads • Improvements in shipbuilding and mapmaking • Printing press to spread knowledge

Astrolobe Caravel Prince Henry the Navigator

• Spain united under Catholic rulers – 1492 Muslims expelled • Protestant Reformation/Catholic Counter-Reformation – Religious wars swept Europe • Catholics & Protestants want to spread their faith to non-Christians abroad.

• Fierce competition for trade with Africa, India, and China • Land route to Asia blocked by Ottoman Turks • Looking for new routes to Asia

• Monarchs were gaining power • Depended on trade to bring in needed revenues and the Church to justify their right to rule

• Oct. 12, 1492 lands in Bahamas • Made three trips • His legacy – Treatment of Native Americans – Permanent interaction w/Europeans & Native Americas – Columbian Exchange

Balboa Cortez Pizarro

• Conquistadors sent shiploads of gold and silver back to Spain – increased the gold supply 500% – Spain richest and most powerful nation in Europe • Used the encomienda system – King gave grants of land & Indians to individual Spaniards – Disease decimated native population replaced with African slaves (asiento system)

• Earliest claim • Explored Newfoundland

• 1570 s-1580 s – sea dogs harassed Spanish shipping • 1588 – English defeat Spanish Armada – British gained naval superiority

• 1 st English settlement in America • “Croatoan”

• 1534 -1542: Cartier explored St. Lawrence • 1608: Champlain est. Quebec • 1682: de la Salle explored Louisiana

• 1609: Explored “Hudson” River & est. claims to surrounding area • New Amsterdam (modern -day NY) • Dutch West India Company – Joint-stock company – Given control of the region

• Chartered by King James I • Joint stock company

Early problems: Indian attacks, famine, disease – own mistakes.

1618 — Virginia produces 20, 000 pounds of tobacco. 1622 — Despite losing nearly onethird of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60, 000 pounds of tobacco. 1627 — Virginia produces 500, 000 pounds of tobacco. 1629 — Virginia produces 1, 500, 000 pounds of tobacco.

• Virginia Company went bankrupt • 1624 – King James I revoked their charter • 1 st royal colony

• Pilgrims were Puritan Separatists • First migrated to Holland • Then to the New World

• 1620: 100 passengers take 65 day voyage • Plymouth Rock • Mayflower Compact • Fewer than ½ the passengers were Separatists • Decision would be made by majority decision

• 1 st winter 50% die – Thanksgiving • Strong leaders help the colony survive – Miles Standish – Gov. William Bradford • Fish, furs, and lumber become mainstays

Pilgrims? vs. Puritans?

• Far more important and influential to American history than Pilgrims • 1629: Massachusetts Bay Company gains royal charter for a new colony – Great Migration adds another 15, 000 • 1630: John Winthrop leads and founds Boston. – “City Upon the Hill” Speech

• Majority Rule in Plymouth • Mayflower Compact • Early form of self-government • Early form of written constitution, est. powers and duties of the gov’t • Representative gov’t in Jamestown • To encourage settlement Virginia Company guaranteed colonists same rights as Englishmen • Virginia House of Burgesses • Representative gov’t in Massachusetts • All male members of the Puritan Church had the right to participate in yearly elections

• Pledge by Pilgrims to make decisions by the will of the majority • Early form of colonial selfgovernment • Early form of written constitution

• Only male property owners could vote for representatives – No women voters – No landless voters will cause problems for free indentured servants later • Many colonial governors ruled with autocratic or unlimited powers and answered only to the king.

• Approach was to conquer, rule, & intermarry – Encomienda System – A rigid classsystem develops

• No intermarriage • At first relations are decent • Occupied the land forced tribes they encountered to move away

• 1608 -1613: 1 st Anglo-Powhatan War – Conflict ended with Pocahontas’ marriage to John Rolfe • 1622: Indian Massacre – 2 nd Anglo-Powhatan War – • 1644: Indian attack – Powhatan tribe again tried expel English – 3 rd Anglo-Powhatan War to

• Pequot village destroyed • Broke the back of the Pequots • Hunted down and killed by Puritans of Mass. Bay Colony

• Maintained relatively good relations with tribes of the St. Lawrence & Great Lakes region • Had few colonists, farms, or towns, mostly fur traders • Posed little threat to native pop.

• Analyze the differences between the Jamestown and Plymouth colonies. • Compare and contrast English, Spanish, and French colonization policies.