ANG KATANGIAN AT KAHALAGAHAN NG YAMANG TAO NG

ANG KATANGIAN AT KAHALAGAHAN NG YAMANG TAO NG PILIPINAS Arvin Antonio V. Ortiz

Ano ang kaibahan ng dalawang larawan ng pa

BALANGKAS NG POPULASYON NG PILIPINAS Populasyon 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Kabuuang Populasyon (sa milyon) 81. 9 83. 6 85. 3 87. 0 88. 6 90. 5 Density 270 276 284 290 295 302 Growth rate (sa 2. 1 porsyento) Source: Asian Development Bank 2. 0

DISTRIBUSYON AT KOMPOSISYON • 2/5 ng kabuuang populasyon ng bansa o 37. 01% ay nasa gulang na 15 pababa (NSO, 2000) • Kalahati ng kabuuang populasyon ng Pilipinas ay nasa gulang 21 pababa

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

EPEKTO NG PAGBABA NG TFR (TOTAL FERTILITY RATE) • Total Fertility Rate – average number of children a woman will bear over her lifetime of reproduction (that is, from 14 to 49 years, although some would include only those from 15 to 45 years). More technically, the UN Statistics Division defines TFR as “the number of children that would be born per woman, assuming no female mortality at child bearing ages and the age-specific fertility rates of a specified country and reference period. • The TFR computation includes not only married women, but all women. Hence, since many women bear zero or one child, the rest should bear more than 2. 1 if the population is to be replaced.

• “Fertility levels in the 44 developed countries, which account for 19 per cent of the world population, are currently very low… Fifteen, mostly located in Southern and Eastern Europe, have reached levels of fertility unprecedented in human history (below 1. 3 children per woman). Since 1990 -1995, fertility decline has been the rule among most developed countries. ” (UNPD, World Population Prospect)

EFFECTS OF AGEING POPULATION • Ageing countries will experience “demographic winter; ” • An older national population leads to extreme economic burden; • The increasing number of beneficiaries in proportion to contributors; gradually overburdens the pension fund and the social security system; • The labor force will be older, less efficient and less capable of learning new procedures and equipment with the latest technologies; • Having fewer and older people means a smaller market; • The number of children adults in ageing countries have to feed has been decreasing in the last three decades, hence,

BABIES DESPERATELY NEEDED • 1. Restrict or limit contraception • 2. Restrict or limit abortion • 3. Restrict or limit education of girls • 4. Restrict or limit employment of women • 5. Facilitate early marriage • 6. Match making to encourage marriage • 7. Public relation campaigns for marriage, childbearing and parenthood

• 8. Make child-raising a financial option for women (e. g. , paid job) • 9. Strengthen the economic security of motherhood within the family • 10. Paid maternity leave • 11. Paid paternity leave • 12. Cash bonus for birth of child • 13. Cash payments for dependent children • 14. Prenatal, antenatal health care and infertility treatments

• 15. Infant and child care facilities • 16. Pre-school and after school care facilities • 17. Tax benefits or deductions for dependent children • 18. Pensions, social security and elder-care services related to childrearing • 19. Part-time work opportunities for parents • 20. Flexible working hours • 21. Shared parental responsibilities between mothers and fathers

• 22. Shared housework among males and females • 23. Changed traditional roles of males and females so men take on more female roles at home • 24. Preferences for parents with dependent children, e. g. , priorities in mortgages, housing, loans, government services and benefits, etc. • 25. Political/legal system more responsive to couples with children, e. g. , granting extra voting rights to adults with minor children” Source: J. Chamie, Low Fertility: Can Governments Make A Difference? , p. 5.

• France gives as much as 800 Euros for every child born. • In Laviano, the government gives 10, 000 Euros for every child born. • Other cities or provinces provide a 200 Euro or more monthly subsidy to mothers for every child or second child below two years old, financially assist corporations to create day care centers in their premises, set up match-making agencies for young men and women to hopefully find a spouse, offer tax breaks and so on. Many advertisements today depict pregnant women in a very positive way, as if hoping that many others would imitate

LEKSYON PARA SA PILIPINAS • Tuluyang ibasura ang anumang panukala tungkol sa “population control”; • Gabayan at suportahan ang mga magulang upang matukoy ang bilang ng anak na kaya nilang palakihin at pag-aralin; • Pagyamanin ang yamang paggawa/ yamang tao sa halip na ituring itong hadlang sa kaunlaran

“A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services. ”

“human capital, ” which refers to the skills, education, health and training of individuals, comprises around 80% of the wealth of advanced countries, and hence “can be neglected [only] at a country’s peril. ” ― Dr. Gary Becker, 1992 Nobel Prize Winner in Economic Science

Simple literacy – kakayahan ng isang tao na bumasa, sumulat, at umunawa ng simpleng mensahe sa anumang wika o dayalekto. Rehiyon 1989 1994 2000 2003 Pilipinas 89. 8 93. 9 92. 3 93. 4 NCR 98. 1 98. 8 98. 1 99. 0 ARMM - 73. 5 68. 7 70. 2

MAG-AARAL SA KOLEHIYO • Sa S. Y. 2005 -2006, nangunguna ang Medical and Allied Courses • Pumapangalawa rito ang Business Administration at sinusundan ng Education and Teacher Training at Engineering and Technology • Simula 2001 hanggang 2006, kapuna-puna ang mabilis na pagtaas ng bilang ng mga mag-aaral na kumukuha ng Medical and Allied Courses, partikular ang nursing

ANG LAKAS-PAGGAWA NG PILIPINAS • Labor force – lakas-paggawa ay tumutukoy sa kabuuang bilang ng manggagawa 15 taon at pataas, kabilang may trabaho, walang trabaho, at naghahanap ng trabaho. • Labor force participation rate – tumutukoy sa ratio ng kabuuang bilang ng mga taong kabilang sa lakas-paggawa kung ihahambing sa kabuuang populasyon na may gulang na 15 pataas.

• Employed – mga may gulang na 15 pataas na nagtratrabaho. • Unemployed – tumutukoy sa mga pansamantalang natanggal sa trabaho, naghahanap ng trabaho, o mga nais magtrabaho. • Underemployed – ang mga may trabaho, ngunit hindi natutugunan ang kumpletong oras ng paggawa dahil sa sariling kagustuhan o dahil sa hindi makahanap ng full-time na trabaho.

ANG LAKAS-PAGGAWA NG PILIPINAS MULA 2005 HANGGANG 2009 Oktubre 2005 Oktubre 2006 Oktubre 2007 2008 2009 Total 15 y. o. and over 54, 799 55, 989 56, 845 57, 84 59, 32 8 7 Labor force 35, 494 35, 806 35, 926 36, 79 37, 96 1 9 Employed 32, 875 33, 185 33, 663 34, 06 35, 12 8 1 Unemployed 2, 619 2, 621 2, 263 2, 723 2, 848 Underemployed 6, 962 6, 761 6, 093 6, 575 6, 708 Labor force participation rate 64. 8 64. 0 63. 2 63. 6 64. 0 Employment rate 92. 6 92. 7 93. 7 92. 6 92. 5 Unemployment 7. 4 7. 3 6. 3 7. 4 7. 5

MGA PORMULA Populasyon = lakas-paggawa+wala sa lakas-paggawa walang Unemployment rate x 100 = trabaho lakasmay trabaho x 100 = paggawa Employment rate lakaspaggawa Underemployment rate = underemploy x 100 ed lakasx 100 Labor force participation rate = lakaspaggawa populasyon

PAGPAPAUNLAD SA KALIDAD NG PAGGAWA • Gawing produktibo ang mga tao sa pamamagitan ng: • Edukasyon • Teknolohiya • Kasanayan