Ang Katangian at Kahalagahan ng Yamang Tao ng

Ang Katangian at Kahalagahan ng Yamang Tao ng Pilipinas Arvin Antonio V. Ortiz

NOON

NGAYON

Ano ang kanilang pagkakaiba?

SHIFT HAPPENS

Balangkas ng Populasyon ng Pilipinas Populasyon 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Kabuuang Populasyon (sa milyon) 81. 9 83. 6 85. 3 87. 0 88. 6 90. 5 Density 270 276 284 290 295 302 Growth rate (sa porsyento) 2. 1 2. 0 Source: Asian Development Bank

Distribusyon at Komposisyon • 2/5 ng kabuuang populasyon ng bansa o 37. 01% ay nasa gulang na 15 pababa (NSO, 2000) • Kalahati ng kabuuang populasyon ng Pilipinas ay nasa gulang 21 pababa

Epekto ng balangkas ng populasyon Total Fertility Rate – average number of children a woman will bear over her lifetime of reproduction (14 -49 yrs. , or 1545). “the number of children that would be born per woman, assuming no female mortality at child bearing ages and the age-specific fertility rates of a specified country and reference period (UN Statistics Division) The TFR computation includes not only married women, but all women. Hence, since many women bear zero or one child, the rest should bear more than 2. 1 if the population is to be replaced.

Fertility levels in the 44 developed countries, which account for 19 per cent of the world population, are currently very low… Fifteen, mostly located in Southern and Eastern Europe, have reached levels of fertility unprecedented in human history (below 1. 3 children per woman). Since 1990 -1995, fertility decline has been the rule among most developed countries. (UNPD, World Population Prospect)

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

Epekto ng tumatandang populasyon Ageing countries will experience “demographic winter; ” An older national population leads to extreme economic burden; The increasing number of beneficiaries in proportion to contributors; gradually overburdens the pension fund and the social security system; The labor force will be older, less efficient and less capable of learning new procedures and equipment with the latest technologies;

Having fewer and older people means a smaller market; The number of children adults in ageing countries have to feed has been decreasing in the last three decades, hence, parents are able to lavish them with more material goods. But little did these children know that when they, few as they are, become adults 30 years later, they would have to care for an immense number of elderly;

Babies desperately needed 1. Restrict or limit contraception 2. Restrict or limit abortion 3. Restrict or limit education of girls 4. Restrict or limit employment of women 5. Facilitate early marriage 6. Match making to encourage marriage 7. Public relation campaigns for marriage, childbearing and parenthood

8. Make child-raising a financial option for women (e. g. , paid job) 9. Strengthen the economic security of motherhood within the family 10. Paid maternity leave 11. Paid paternity leave 12. Cash bonus for birth of child 13. Cash payments for dependent children 14. Prenatal, antenatal health care and infertility treatments

15. Infant and child care facilities 16. Pre-school and after school care facilities 17. Tax benefits or deductions for dependent children 18. Pensions, social security and elder-care services related to childrearing 19. Part-time work opportunities for parents 20. Flexible working hours 21. Shared parental responsibilities between mothers and fathers

22. Shared housework among males and females 23. Changed traditional roles of males and females so men take on more female roles at home 24. Preferences for parents with dependent children, e. g. , priorities in mortgages, housing, loans, government services and benefits, etc. 25. Political/legal system more responsive to couples with children, e. g. , granting extra voting rights to adults with minor children” Source: J. Chamie, Low Fertility: Can Governments Make A Difference? , p. 5.

France gives as much as 800 Euros for every child born. In Laviano, the government gives 10, 000 Euros for every child born. Other cities or provinces provide a 200 Euro or more monthly subsidy to mothers for every child or second child below two years old, financially assist corporations to create day care centers in their premises, set up match-making agencies for young men and women to hopefully find a spouse, offer tax breaks and so on. Many advertisements today depict pregnant women in a very positive way, as if hoping that many others would imitate them.

Ang Lakas Paggawa ng Pilipinas

Labor Force/ lakas paggawa Tumutukoy sa kabuuang bilang ng manggagawa 15 taon at pataas kabilang may trabaho, walang trabaho, at naghahanap ng trabaho. Hindi kabilang mga mag-aaral, housewife, may kapansanan, retiradong manggagawa, at mga seasonal na manggagawa na hindi nagtatrabaho o naghahanap ng trabaho sa panahon ng sarbey.

Labor force participation rate Tumutukoy sa ratio ng kabuuang bilang ng mga taong kabilang sa lakas-paggawa kung ihahambing sa kabuuang populasyon na may gulang na 15 pataas. LFPR = Labor Force X 100 Total 15 yrs. old & above

Employed Unemployed Underemployed

Employment rate Bahagdan ng lakas-paggawa na may hanapbuhay. ER = Employed Labor Force X 100

Unemployment Rate Tumutukoy sa proporsyon ng mga taong ganap na walang trabaho sa kabuuang ng lakas-paggawa. Un. R = Unemployed Labor Force X 100

Underemployment Rate Ang proporsyon ng mga manggagawa sa kabuuan ng lakas-paggawa na hindi nagtatrabaho nang full-time dahil sa sariling kagusutuhan o kaya ay walang makitang fulltime na trabaho. Under. R = Underemployed X 100 Labor Force

Lakas-paggawa ng Pilipinas Labor Force 2001 Total 15 yrs. Old & above 48, 929 Labor Force 32, 809 Employed 29, 156 Unemployed 3, 653 Underemployed 5, 006 Labor Force Participation Rate ? Employment Rate ? Unemployment Rate ? Underemployment Rate ? LFPR = Total 15 yrs. old & above X 100 32, 809 LFPR = 48, 929 X 100 LFPR = 0. 670543031739868 X 100 LFPR = 67. 1

2001 Total 15 yrs. Old & above 48, 929 Labor Force 32, 809 Employed 29, 156 Unemployed 3, 653 Underemployed 5, 006 Labor Force Participation Rate ? Employment Rate ? Unemployment Rate ? Underemployment Rate ? ER = Employed Labor Force 29, 156 32, 809 ER = 88. 9 X 100

Quiz: ½ sheet of paper 2001 2002 Total 15 yrs. Old & above 49, 838 51, 145 Labor Force 34, 569 35, 148 Employed 29, 243 31, 294 Unemployed 4, 575 5, 193 Underemployed 5, 182 6, 249 Labor Force Participation Rate (1) (5) Employment Rate (2) (6) Unemployment Rate (3) (7) Underemployment Rate (4) (8) 9 -10. Ano-ano ang ilan sa magiging epekto ng pagkakaroon ng matandang populasyon?

Pagpapaunlad sa Kalidad ng Paggawa

Sino ang mas magaan ang pamumuhay?

DOLE Department of Labor and Employment Ang pangunahing ahensya ng pamahalaang nagbabalangkas at nangangasiwa sa iba’t ibang patakaran at programang nauukol sa paggawa.

Stratehiya ng DOLE 1. Supply for Employment Generation 2. Employment Facilitation 3. Employment Preservation 4. Human Resource Development Strategy

A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services.