2 CH 3 COOH H 2 SO 4

2. 酸碱概念的相对性 醋酸为碱： CH 3 COOH +H 2 SO 4 CH 3 COOH 2 + HSO 4 醋酸为酸： CH 3 COOH + H 2 O H 3 O + CH 3 COO

H 2 SO 4为碱：H 2 SO 4+ HCl. O 4 H 3 SO 4 + Cl. O 4 H 2 SO 4为酸： H 2 SO 4+ HNO 3 H 2 NO 3 +HSO 4 （硝化反应）

4. 软硬酸碱原理 (Hard and Soft Acids and Bases，HSAB） 用于Lewis 酸碱和 Brønsted酸碱 对Al 3+的配位能力 F Cl Br I 对Hg 2+的配位能力 F < Cl Br I 亲石元素：Ca. CO 3, Li 2 CO 3, Ca. F 2, Ti. O 2, Zr. O 2, 亲硫元素: As 2 S 3 , Hg. S, Cu 2 S, Cd, Zn, Co, Fe, Sb, Bi

Hard Borderline Soft Acids: H+, Li+, Acids: Fe 2+, Co 2+, Acids: Cu+, Ag+, Na+, K+, Be 2+, Ni 2+, Cu 2+ Zn 2+, Au+, Tl+, Hg+, 2+, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, Cr 2+, Pb 2+, SO 2, BBr 3 Pd 2+, Pt 2+, Cd 2+, Cr 3+, Al 3+, SO 3, BF 3 Bases: F–, OH–, H 2 O, NH 3 , CO 32–, NO 3 –, O 2–, SO 4 PO 43–, Cl. O 4– 2–, (BH 3), M 0 Bases: NO 2–, Bases: H–, R–, SO 32–, Br–, N 3–, CN–, I–, CO, N 2, C 6 H 5 N , SCN–, R 3 P, C 6 H 6, –, R 2 S,