WRLC Module 6 Reviews and Systematic Searching June

WRLC Module 6: Reviews and Systematic Searching June 8 2017 th Laura Bredahl Optometry and Vision Science Librarian Jackie Stapleton Librarian, SPHHS

Types of Review Articles § What makes review articles different than other articles?

A review is… an overview or summary of existing research Systematic review Realist review Literature review Meta-analysis Scoping review Rapid review Narrative review Meta syntheses Integrative review Systematic literature review

Key types of reviews in public health 1. Systematic review: The gold standard for rigour & effectiveness assessment 2. Scoping review: A sometimes formal approach addressing the breadth of what’s been done (mapping the research) 3. Narrative/literature review: A generic summary or overview of a topic Grant MJ, Booth A. A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Info Libr J. 2009 Jun; 26(2): 91‐ 108.

Systematic Review/Meta analysis Characteristics: § Focused research question Methodology: 1. Develop research question and protocol § Critical appraisal 2. Identify all relevant evidence § Clarity & precision 3. Select studies for inclusion 4. Assess the quality of each study (critical appraisal) 5. Synthesize the findings 6. Interpret the finding and present a balanced and impartial summary § Rigorous & reproducible It requires a team! • Content experts • Experienced searcher • Bio-statistician Hemingway, P. & Brereton, N. (2009). What is a systematic review? www. shatisseries. co. uk

Scoping reviews Definition “aim to map rapidly the key concepts underpinning a research area and the main sources and types of evidence available, and can be undertaken as standalone projects in their own right, especially where an area is complex or has not been reviewed comprehensively before” [Arksey and O’Malley] Aims: 1. examine extent, nature, and range of research activity 2. determine value of undertaking a full systematic review 3. summarize and disseminate research findings (often mapping the results or organizing studies into themes) 4. identify research gaps in the existing literature

Narrative/literature reviews Definition § a flexible & eclectic approach can be used for a wide range of diverse studies & study types § narrative summaries of the evidence, written by an expert (can be susceptible to author bias) § Purpose is to educate the audience about a topic Methodology § no strict methodological guidelines § Use informal and subjective methods to collect and interpret information § should follow some basic principles, e. g. , follow guidelines (see Green, 2006), be objective, be transparent about what exactly you do, etc. § Questions can be broad or narrow, depending on author expertise Green, B. N. , Johnson, C. D. , & Adams, A. (2006). Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: Secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 5(3), 101 -117. doi: 10. 1016/S 0899 -3467(07)60142 -6

Review Characteristics Literature Review Scoping Review Research team No Usually Systematic Review Yes Predefined Protocol No No Yes Abstract Introduction Methods include Search methodology (allowing search to be replicable) Filtering (Study selection using inclusion/exclusion criteria) Data extraction Charts data into themes Meta-analysis Results Discussion/Conclusi Yes Yes Yes Rarely Yes Yes No Yes No No Rarely No Yes Optional Yes

subjectguides. uwaterloo. ca/health

ACTIVITY: Systematic or Scoping or Narrative? 1. Is LASEK or LASIK more effective at correcting myopia? Systematic 2. In children aged 1 -6 years in a community setting, what is the accuracy of various screening methods, alone or in combination, for detecting strabismus? Systematic 3. What are the most effective strategies in managing children with visual and neurodevelopment disorders? Scoping 4. What is the diagnostic accuracy of HRT, OCT and GDx in detecting ONH and RNFL damage in patients with manifest glaucoma? 5. What are the different types of soft multifocal contact lenses currently available for refractive correction of presbyopia and to how are they fit. Systematic Narrative

Questions?

Systematics Searching

Systematic Search Expectations of a systematic search method include: 1. Multiple journal databases (typically 3 -7) 2. A single, well developed search strategy for each database consisting of author keywords and database subject heading (often undertaken by an information specialist) 3. Search must be reproducible 4. May include: 5. a) Grey literature b) Hand searching c) Cited references from accepted papers Results may include hundreds/thousands of references

Search Strategy Construction What is the effectiveness and safety of the treat and extend regimen of anti. VEGF intravitreal treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration Author keywords Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 “Treat and Anti-VEGF Neovascular age-related extend” bevacizumab, ranibizumab macular degeneration aflibercept n. AMD Bevacizumab[Me. SH] Ranibizumab[Me. SH] Database subject headings Macular degeneration[Me. SH]

MEDLINE (Pub. Med) search: 1. “Treat and extend”[tiab] Field codes for more precise results 2. “Anti-VEGF”[tiab] OR “bevacizumab”[tiab] OR “Bevacizumab”[Me. SH] OR “ranibizumab”[tiab] OR “ranibizumab”[Me. SH] OR “aflibercept”[tiab] 3. (“Neovascular”[tiab] AND “age-related macular degeneration”[tiab]) OR “n. AMD”[tiab] OR “Macular degeneration”[Me. SH] 4. #1 AND #2 AND #3 Use truncation if needed EMBASE (OVID) search: 1. (Treat ADJ 1 extend). tw 2. (Anti-VEGF OR bevacizumab OR ranibizumab OR aflibercept). tw OR Bevacizumab/ OR ranibizumab/ 3. ((Neovascular AND age-related macular degeneration) OR n. AMD OR AMD). tw OR Macular degeneration/ 4. 1 AND 2 AND 3 Translate the search into another database

Research Databases used for systematic searching § Medline (Pub. Med or Ovid) § EMBASE (Ovid) § Cochrane Library § Scopus § Web of Science § Psyc. Info § Google Scholar

Exercise See handout 1. Generate a systematic search in Medline 10 min

Study flow diagram 1. Upload search results to database 2. Remove duplicates 3. Screen results a) Title/abstract b) Full text Final # studies included for data collection

Search documentation (PRISMA) - Checklist Abstract: q sources searched q any language or publication type restrictions q start and end dates of searches. Methods: q Database and platform or provider q Start/end date for each database q Name of person who performed the search q A complete search strategy q Archive of all searches Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ 2009; 338: b 2535. doi: http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1136/bmj. b 2535

Exercise See handout 1. Critique a search method Critique of search methods: Q. Database selection Q. Search terms Q. Reproducible search Conclusion: Best available evidence? 5 min

Beyond the Basic

Grey Literature Unpublished research (in progress or non-disclosed) • conferences, trial registries, contact experts Research published outside the peer-reviewed journal • theses, government/organizational reports, conference papers, books/book chapters

Grey literature search plan Plan should include how and where you will conduct your search 1. Google/customized google search engine • Include the search terms used and # of pages to be screened 2. Targeted websites (organizations/conferences/etc) • List of specific websites to search/browse directly 3. Grey literature databases (i. e. theses, conference databases, government collections, health organizations, university research) Document and record the results of each search process

Is it a good systematic review? Critical appraisal tools • A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist: https: //amstar. ca/Amstar_Checklist. php • CEBM critical appraisal sheet (handout) (http: //www. cebm. net/index. aspx? o=1157 ) Peer review tools for search strategies • CADTH Peer review checklist for search strategies • PRESS: Peer review of electronic search strategies

Consult Your Librarian 1. Literature search support a. Constructing database search strategies b. Translate Pub. Med search into other databases c. Grey literature search plans d. Recommendations for relevant databases 2. Screening - Managing references (ex. Ref. Works, Endnote, etc. ) 3. Obtaining journal articles 4. Citing references Laura Bredahl Laura. bredahl@uwaterloo. ca