Database Searching for Systematic Reviews Search workflow Search

Database Searching for Systematic Reviews • Search workflow • Search terms • Database tips Rowena Stewart rowena. stewart@ed. ac. uk Academic Support Librarian Tel: 0131 650 5207 DClin students May 20 1

Search Workflow Knowing what you have to present can help you know what information to retain as you go through the search process. • Uo. Edinburgh Doctorate Theses (incl DClins), are on Edinburgh Research Archive (ERA). Most will be available to read in full and will have a systematic review section: www. era. lib. ed. ac. uk • Using the abstracting and indexing (A&I) databases etc, find articles with “systematic review” in their titles. Your initial (or Scoping) searches can change your research question because you may: • Not see enough papers to be sure you can do a review on your topic. What interests you most and what concept you can drop or loosen or broaden? • See too many relevant papers. What additional concepts can you add which still leaves enough papers to review? • Find a recently published systematic review on your question. Can your topic be made more specific to pull out a strand of the one done? Check with your supervisor. When you have a search(es) which works for your research question, run it on the A&I databases you have chosen. Collect the records in one place, eg reference management software such as End. Note or Mendeley. These are the records you use for the rest of the process. 2

Search Terms Make your topic into a question you want the academic literature to answer. Note: • Possible synonyms. • North American cf British spelling of English. • Words with multiple possible endings but a common “trunk” (eg singular/plural, verb endings), any variant of which could be useful to you. What is the experience of adolescents with a history of disruptive behaviour undergoing a course of mindfulness training? adolescents disruptive behaviour Mindfulness training experience adolescen(ts) teen(agers) “young people” “young person(s)” youth(s) “disruptive behav(iour)” mindful(ness) attitude(s) / satisfaction Meditation aggress(ion) violen(ce) Training/education/prog ram(me)/course… Compliance Dropout(s) 3

My. Ed Subject specific databases www. ed. ac. uk/is/databases-subjects Go to Clinical Psychology. Theses page lists resources useful in finding out about theses, including ERA mentioned above. Understand more about what the different resources listed contain by reading their Descriptions. The entries with a Key resource label above them are probably ones you want to have looked at, ie psyc. INFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE If your question involves a population or an intervention which can be communitybased, you may want to check other A&I databases too, eg ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts including Social Services Abstracts. ERIC is good on child wellbeing. 4

Subject Headings Uo. Edinburgh subscriptions to psyc. INFO, MEDLINE & EMBASE are from the same supplier, Ovid, and therefore: • the interface is the same for each, • you can search them at the same time, • you can make use of the deduplicate function. From the Uo. Edinburgh links to these three A&I databases you will be taken into Advanced Search with Map to Subject Heading ticked. 5

Subject Headings With Map term to Subject Heading ticked, a search of a concept/term returns subject headings used by the A&I database which may match your concept. Click on/Select a heading to see it in its classification context (broader terms within which it falls, narrower terms which fall beneath it) including suggestions of Related terms. The scope note (sometimes) defines a subject heading which allows you to decide if the database uses the term in the way you do. Some of these words and phrases may be useful synonyms for you. 6

Subject Headings This search finds the number of records noted with this phrase in the Subject Headings field. 7

Subject Headings Why not just use this way of searching? • Not every record will have a subject heading field, esp newer ones, ie records describing the most recently published articles. • A&I databases use their own set of subject headings. Unless you know which (if any) subject heading each A&I databases uses for your concept, you do not know what a subject heading search is doing – not systematic. How to do a “normal” search? Remove the tick. What use are subject headings? • If you find a subject heading to match your concept, you can add them to your synonyms knowing they will work well in the A&I databases you have investigated. • They are good prompts for USA terminology. 8

Phrases, Truncation, Search history & Boolean Use “phrase marks” if you want the words you enter to appear together as you have entered them. Use the truncation symbol, which is usually the asterisk, *, to look for words with a common “trunk”, eg behavio* Use the Search histories to begin with. Look at each concept separately and then put them together. The advantages of doing this are: • Seeing which concept has the smallest number of records (which can explain zero results). • Being able to add synonyms and extra concepts as you think of them. • Not having to worry about how the search interface prioritises commands. You need to “bracket off” OR clauses in a one string search, eg (geriatric* OR elderly) AND (mobil* OR exercise) returns records which mention at least one of each concept. geriatric* OR elderly AND mobil* OR exercise returns records with the words elderly and mobil* but also any record with only one of the other words. Boolean reminder: OR = more results (all the grey area ) AND = less results (just the grey area ) 9

Search History – Ovid interface example Click/Select the arrow to see the search history, which is the searches you have done during a session Click/Select Expand/Contract to see more than the most recent four searches/just the most recent four searches Click/Select sets to activate AND/OR commands. Save All to make the search (not the records) available post-logoff. Personal account registration required (not EASE authenticated) View Saved to get to your personal account and run this search against the databases chosen, as they are then. 10

Search more than one (Ovid hosted) database Go to Change and make menu selections There’s only one psyc. INFO option. Choose an Embase that comes to the present day (“ 2020…”) Suggest MEDLINE choices to be: Ovid MEDLINE® 1946 to Present, plus the In Process MEDLINE, Daily MEDLINE and Epub Ahead of Print MEDLINE. Select individually or… …also currently collected together Choose Run Search to run the search you’ve done on your new database choices. OK clears the searches and you have a clean slate. 11

Search more than one (Ovid hosted) database Option to look up subject heading thesauri disappears Results numbers go up (usually) An option to deduplicate chosen search sets will appear. • There are core journals indexed by A&I databases concerned with related subject areas. • Therefore, some articles will have a record in each database. • You only need one of these for the next/screening stage. 12

Deduplication Ovid cannot deduplicate sets with more than 6, 000 records. Choose the set you want to deduplicate. Leave the preferences on default. An abstract is a more important criterion than the others listed. If all the records describing the same article have an abstract, the database preference “allows Ovid” to keep one record over another. 13

Numbers to Note Choose what you want to keep hold of in your own reference manager software/project files etc. Remember you need to present a total un-de-duplicated number of records found as well as a deduplicated number. You will have more to add to each if you are including other databases (on different interfaces). www. prisma-statement. org > Flow Diagram Display Results takes you to the results list, above which is the Export option. 14

Records out Choose a record to keep hold of. Use All. Or if too many to export at once, use the Range option To get records into reference management software, choose RIS from Format. If you see your product listed, use that but if it fails, revert to RIS. Choose Complete Reference, or certainly one of the options which includes abstract, from the Fields menu. Export. Save the file and use your reference manager’s import functions. 15

Save Details of Search Run Choose Print or Export. In Export choose Word from the Format menu This step is about saving the Search History as a record of a particular search run against a particular set of databases and a “snapshot” of the result numbers. Therefore, choices about the citation do not matter. Include Search History. Save the output as an aide memoir when writing up. 16

Different Interface - Pro. Quest Layout and labels may differ, but if you know you can do something in one A&I database/interface, you can usually do it in another, eg the Pro. Quest hosted databases such as ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts (incl. Social Services Abstracts), ERIC & Pro. Quest Dissertations and Theses Global: Default settings are into Basic Search and subject headings are not searched automatically. [If you find subject headings useful, go to Advanced Search > Thesaurus] Pro. Quest defaults to a search of full-text, even for products which are A&I only. This usually returns too many results with eg search terms possibly pages apart within a thesis. Go to Advanced Search and choose Anywhere except full text – NOFT from the drop down menu. Search History is labelled Recent searches 17

Different Interface - Pro. Quest Recent searches: there are no AND/OR buttons as in Ovid. Type in the set numbers and the commands you want to operate, eg 1 AND 3 Change databases displays the menu from which to choose more than one database to search simultaneously. Go to Recent searches, click on the number of the set to run again and choose Use current databases Pro. Quest may present deduplicated result set. • Use Results’ left menu to add up each database’s contribution to an undeduplicated total. Select some or all records to make the cite/email/etc functions become active (ie go from grey to green). The ellipsis menu includes the Save RIS option. 18

Help from Rowena Stewart rowena. stewart@ed. ac. uk Academic Support Librarian (Health in Social Science) www. ed. ac. uk/is/ASL Introduction to systematic literature searching (pdf booklet): www. docs. is. ed. ac. uk/mvm/Intro. Systematic. Lit. Search. pdf Study Appraisal checklists, egs: • CASP at www. casp-uk. net >"checklists" • SIGN guideline no. 50 - www. sign. ac. uk/sign-50. html checklists in the left menu takes you to: www. sign. ac. uk/checklists-and-notes. html • Centre for EBM: www. cebm. net Appraisal Tools > Systematic Reviews Following two slides for: • Interlibrary loan service for material you want to read but which the Library does not have. • Reference management software links. 19

Inter-Library Loan (I. L. L. ) service to get books or journal articles, etc, which the Library does not have all. Make an Inter-Library Loan (I. L. L. ) request from the Discover. Ed menu option, “INTER LIBRARY LOAN REQUEST”. Sign in if prompted. Copies of articles etc will be sent to your chosen contact address. . You can request they are posted to you. . Scans of articles can also be delivered electronically. Your first 30 I. L. L. requests in a year will be free [5 for undergraduates]. After that, each successfully supplied request will cost you a (subsidised) £ 5. For which (probably monthly) you will receive an advice note listing items which have been supplied to you during the previous month. Payment is via the University's e-pay system (www. epay. ed. ac. uk). . ILLs usually take 2 -3 working days to arrive. . More information from the link at: www. ed. ac. uk/is/inter-library You can also use this service to request scans of articles from journals we only have in print in the Library Annexe [Free. No annual limit]. 20

The University supports the reference management software, End. Note, for which there is a desktop and online version. Desktop version is free to you. Comparison table at: www. docs. is. ed. ac. uk/mvm/Biblio. Managers. Table. pdf ENDNOTE DESKTOP: You can download End. Note desktp for free via the University’s subscription. Get it from the Software Services pages: www. ed. ac. uk/information-services/computing/desktop-personal/software/main-software-deals/endnote End. Note’s Help pages are useful, eg http: //clarivate. libguides. com/endnote_training/users/enx 9 There is a freely available online/web based version of End. Note. . Register via web of science. Instructions: www. docs. is. ed. ac. uk/docs/Libraries/PDF/guide. End. Note. Webregistering. pdf Then go directly: www. myendnoteweb. com ENDNOTE CITE WHILE YOU WRITE (CWYW) The CWYW plugin doesn't work with Word online - but you can download Word 2016 on up to 5 devices: www. ed. ac. uk/information-services/computing/comms-and-collab/office 365/latest-office Mendeley (includes freely available desktop version): www. mendeley. com Zotero (includes freely available desktop version(: www. zotero. com 21