VECTORS PreAP Physics SCALAR A SCALAR quantity is

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VECTORS Pre-AP Physics

VECTORS Pre-AP Physics

SCALAR A SCALAR quantity is any quantity in physics that has MAGNITUDE ONLY Number

SCALAR A SCALAR quantity is any quantity in physics that has MAGNITUDE ONLY Number value with units Scalar Example Magnitude Speed 35 m/s Distance 25 meters Age 16 years

VECTOR A VECTOR quantity is any quantity in physics that has BOTH MAGNITUDE and

VECTOR A VECTOR quantity is any quantity in physics that has BOTH MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION Vector Example Magnitude and Direction Velocity 35 m/s, North Acceleration 10 m/s 2, South Displacement 20 m, East

Vector quantities can be identified by bold type with an arrow above the symbol.

Vector quantities can be identified by bold type with an arrow above the symbol. V = 23 m/s NE

Vectors are represented by drawing arrows

Vectors are represented by drawing arrows

The length and direction of a vector should be drawn to a reasonable scale

The length and direction of a vector should be drawn to a reasonable scale size and show its magnitude 20 km 10 km

VECTOR APPLICATION • ADDITION: When two (2) vectors point in the SAME direction, simply

VECTOR APPLICATION • ADDITION: When two (2) vectors point in the SAME direction, simply add them together. • When vectors are added together they should be drawn head to tail to determine the resultant or sum vector. • The resultant goes from tail of A to head of B.

• Let’s Practice A man walks 46. 5 m east, then another 20

• Let’s Practice A man walks 46. 5 m east, then another 20 m east. Calculate his displacement relative to where he started. + 46. 5 m, E 66. 5 m, E 20 m, E

• VECTOR APPLICATION SUBTRACTION: When two (2) vectors point in the OPPOSITE direction,

• VECTOR APPLICATION SUBTRACTION: When two (2) vectors point in the OPPOSITE direction, simply subtract them.

Let’s Practice some more…. A man walks 46. 5 m east, then another 20

Let’s Practice some more…. A man walks 46. 5 m east, then another 20 m west. Calculate his displacement relative to where he started. 46. 5 m, E 20 m, W 26. 5 m, E

Graphical Method Aligning vectors head to tail and then drawing the resultant from the

Graphical Method Aligning vectors head to tail and then drawing the resultant from the tail of the first to the head of the last.

Graphical Vector Addition A + B Step 1 – Draw a start point Step

Graphical Vector Addition A + B Step 1 – Draw a start point Step 2 – Decide on a scale Step 3 – Draw Vector A to scale Step 4 – Vector B’s tail begin at Vector A’s head. Draw Vector B to scale. Step 5 – Draw a line connecting the initial start point to the head of B. This is the resultant.

NON CO-LINEAR VECTORS When two (2) vectors are PERPENDICULAR to each other, you must

NON CO-LINEAR VECTORS When two (2) vectors are PERPENDICULAR to each other, you must use the PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM

Let’s Practice A man travels 120 km east then 160 km north. Calculate his

Let’s Practice A man travels 120 km east then 160 km north. Calculate his resultant displacement. FINISH the hypotenuse is called the RESULTANT 160 km, N VERTICAL COMPONENT S R T T A 120 km, E HORIZONTAL COMPONENT

• WHAT ABOUT DIRECTION? In the example, DISPLACEMENT is asked for and since

• WHAT ABOUT DIRECTION? In the example, DISPLACEMENT is asked for and since it is a VECTOR quantity, we need to report its direction. N W of N N of E E of N N of E N of W E W S of W NOTE: When drawing a right triangle that conveys some type of motion, you MUST draw your components HEAD TO TOE. S of E W of S E of S S

• Directions • There is a difference between Northwest and West of North

• Directions • There is a difference between Northwest and West of North

• NEED A VALUE – ANGLE! Just putting N of E is not

• NEED A VALUE – ANGLE! Just putting N of E is not good enough (how far north of east ? ). We need to find a numeric value for the direction. To find the value of the angle we use a Trig function called TANGENT. 200 km 160 km, N q N of E 120 km, E So the COMPLETE final answer is : 200 km, 53. 1 degrees North of East

• What are your missing components? Suppose a person walked 65 m, 25

• What are your missing components? Suppose a person walked 65 m, 25 degrees East of North. What were his horizontal and vertical components? H. C. = ? V. C = ? 25˚ 65 m The goal: ALWAYS MAKE A RIGHT TRIANGLE! To solve for components, we often use the trig functions sine and cosine.

• Example A bear, searching for food wanders 35 meters east then 20

• Example A bear, searching for food wanders 35 meters east then 20 meters north. Frustrated, he wanders another 12 meters west then 6 meters south. Calculate the bear's displacement. - 12 m, W - = 6 m, S = 23 m, E 14 m, N 20 m, N 35 m, E 14 m, N R q 23 m, E The Final Answer: 26. 93 m, 31. 3 degrees NORTH of EAST

• Example A boat moves with a velocity of 15 m/s, N in

• Example A boat moves with a velocity of 15 m/s, N in a river which flows with a velocity of 8. 0 m/s, west. Calculate the boat's resultant velocity with respect to due north. 8. 0 m/s, W 15 m/s, N Rv q The Final Answer : 17 m/s, @ 28. 1 degrees West of North

• Example A plane moves with a velocity of 63. 5 m/s at

• Example A plane moves with a velocity of 63. 5 m/s at 32 degrees South of East. Calculate the plane's horizontal and vertical velocity components. H. C. =? 32˚ 63. 5 m/s V. C. = ?

• Example A storm system moves 5000 km due east, then shifts course

• Example A storm system moves 5000 km due east, then shifts course at 40 degrees North of East for 1500 km. Calculate the storm's resultant displacement. 1500 km V. C. 40 5000 km, E H. C. 5000 km + 1149. 1 km = 6149. 1 km R q 964. 2 km 6149. 1 km The Final Answer: 6224. 2 km @ 8. 92 degrees, North of East