WELCOME to Gallaudet University and Structure of Language

WELCOME to Gallaudet University and Structure of Language (INT # 707)

Any Question about Homework • Homework: Valli’s Page 27 : 1 Valli’s Page 39: #1 a. to j. #2 b & c • V-homework: 5 English words with prefix & 5 English words with suffix – how they are expressed in ASL * Glossing Practice

Review from last class • • “Analyzing Signs” by Robbin Battison (unfinished from last week) The Stokoe System for transcription (unfinished from last week) ASL parameters The Concept of Sequentiality Lidell and Johnson’s The Movement-Hold Model Morphology: Affix, prefix, suffix, inflix and circumfix Free and bound morphemes Derivational and Inflectional morphology

TODAY • Gender Affix in ASL (unfinished from last week) • Morphology of Location and Movement in ASL (unfinished from last week) • Inflection / Noun Verb Pairs • Compounds and Contractions

Gender Affix It is common in French and Spanish (e. g. Mario, Maria). In late 1700 s, de’Apee the founder of the school for the deaf in Paris created the methodical signs with French’s gender affix. English has few ones: stewardress actor/actress, waiter/waitress, ASL has few ones: (see next slide)

Gender Affix in ASL Female Nurse Waitress Waiter Actor Actress Princess Male

Gender Affix in ASL Nurse Waitress Waiter Actor Actress Princess Female Male NURSE MALE-NURSE WAITRESS MALE-WAITRESS ACTOR FEMALE-ACTOR PRINCE GIRL-PRINCE

More on Gender Affix For first time referent HE = SHE = HIS = HER = MALE + PRO FEMALE + PRO + POSS

Semantics of Locations in ASL

Semantics of Locations Location Meaning Head * Mental (e. g. THINK, DREAM, THEORY, CONCEPT, HYPOTHESIS, LOGICAL) * Gender (e. g. MALE, FEMALE, AUNT, UNCLE, BROTHER, MOTHER, FATHER) BRAINSTORM on other locations

Semantics of Locations Location Meaning Head * Mental (e. g. THINK, KNOW) * Gender (e. g. MALE, FEMALE) Top of wrist * Time (e. g. WATCH, O’CLOCK) Eyes * Vision (e. g. SEE, LOOK, WATCH, SEARCH)

Semantics of Locations Location Meaning Palm * Money (e. g. FINANCIAL, PAY, DEBT) * Time (e. g. ERA, PERIOD, HOUR, WEEK, MINUTE, ONCE, TWICE) Nose * Silliness (e. g. CLOWN, FUNNY, FOOLISH) Ear * Hearing (e. g. NOISY, LISTEN, RADIO)

Semantics of Locations Location Meaning Heart Emotion (e. g. FEEL, HAPPY, THRILLED, UPSET, DEPRESS, INSPIRE) Mouth Oral (e. g. SPEAK, SPEECH, LIPREAD, SAY, QUIET, SHUT-UP, ANNOUNCE, Chin NOT (e. g. WHY-NOT, NOT-HERE, NOT-ALLOW, DON’T-HAVE-TO, NOT-WORRY, NOT-WANT, NOT-CARE, NOT-FINISH, NOT-NEED)

Semantics of Locations Location Meaning Stomach Upset (e. g. UPSET, NAUSEA, DISGUST GROWLING, FUMING) Bicep Power (e. g. ENERGY, POWERFUL, STRENGTH, AUTHORITY) Shoulder-toshoulder Membership (e. g. MEMBER, COMMITTEE, SENATE, CONGRESS, BOARD-of-TRUSTEE)

Semantics of Locations Location Meaning High in Air * Respected (e. g. RESPECT, OBEY, GOD, LOOK-UP-AT) * Hope (e. g. HOPE, DREAM, VISION) Shoulder-to. Waist * Celebrity (e. g. KING, QUEEN, PRINCESS, LORD, CHRISTIAN)

Semantics of Movements in ASL

Semantics of Movements Movement Meaning Moving forward * Future (e. g. next-week) BRAINSTORM on other movements

Semantics of Movements Movement Meaning Moving forward * Future (e. g. next-week) Moving downward * Present (e. g. now, today) Moving backward * Past (e. g. last-week, long-ago) Circling / shaking * Repeating / Recurring (e. g. waiting, machine)

Semantics of Movements Movement Meaning Reversal of orientation WANT, * Negation (e. g. DON’T-LIKE, DON’T-KNOW)

ASL Morphology There are many categories of ASL morphology such as: Verb and Noun Pairs Compounds and Contractions Lexicalized Fingerspelling (fingerspelled loan signs) Incorporation of number with time and pronoun Temporal Aspects Distributional Aspects and more…. .

INFLECTION: Verb and Noun Pairs

Inflection: Verb and Noun pairs How did it change word class (verb and noun) in English and ASL?

Verb and Noun in English In English, different syllable for stress placement for verb and noun. Example: “PRESENT” * Stress earlier = noun – 1 st syllable * Stress latter = verb – 2 nd syllable And English adds suffix such as -ment, -ness, -ation, etc to the verbs to turn them into nouns. Example: develop + ment = development (verb) (noun)

Inflection: Verb and Noun pairs This also is known as “Deriving nouns from verbs in ASL. ” ASL signs: CAR CHAIR DOOR DRIVE-to SIT-down OPEN-door What do you see the common things among each column of signs?

Inflection: Noun and Verb pairs ASL Signs: 1 st 2 nd DRIVE-to SIT-down OPEN-door CAR CHAIR DOOR 1 st column – verb signs with single movement 2 nd column – noun signs with repeated movement

Inflection: Verb and Noun pairs 1 st column – verb signs with single movement 2 nd column – noun signs with repeated movement What can say about morphology with this ASL noun verb pair? Addition of MOVEMENT is a morpheme. It is same as an addition of “ER” to the verb of “work” and become “worker” in English. Cool? This additional movement is considered as a bound morpheme.

Inflection: Verb and Noun pairs STUDENT BRAINSTORM other examples of ASL Verb and Noun pairs

Inflection: Verb and Noun pairs Supalla and Newport in 1978 published their research. They listed at least 200 pairs of noun-verb signs. They proposed a little more complicated model. For an example: SWEEPING vs BROOM Both of them in the noun-verb pairs have the repeated movements, however the repeated movement for BROOM is restrained while the repeated movement for SWEEPING is continuous. See a chart in the next slide.

Inflection: Verb and Noun pairs Frequency Directionality Manner SIT (v) CHAIR (n) single repeated unibi- hold restrained PAINT (v) PAINT (n) repeated bibi- continuous restrained 1) frequency: single vs. repeated 2) directionality: uni-directional (1 way) vs. bi-directional (2 ways) 3) manner: continuous, hold vs. restrained

Exercise Frequency Directionality Manner (verb) (noun) Find two pairs of verb-noun signs. Use this model.

Inflection: Verb and Noun pairs V-homework Find two new ASL pairs that are: repeated bibi- continuous restrained

Inflection: Noun-Verb Pairs Caution Not all noun and verbs are similar – Examples: FISHING vs. FISH PLANTING vs. PLANT

ASL Noun Signs • Add movements to verb sign (e. g. DRIVE + movement = CAR) • Add “person affix” to verb sign as well as noun sign (e. g. WORK+ ER, ELECTRIC + IAN) • Use restrained movement when there is a verb sign with continuous movement. (e. g. PAINT – verb vs. PAINT – noun)

Occupation signs • Person affix added to verb/noun sign (e. g. WORK + ER and ELECTRIC + IAN) • No person affix (e. g. NURSE, PRESIDENT) • Description (e. g. JAILER, BANKER)

Compare Morphemes English SNOW ASL 1 2 FIREMAN 2 1 GREENHOUSE 2 2

Compounds and Contraction

FOR NEXT CLASS • V-homework: Noun-Verb pairs • V-homework: compounds Contractions and * Readings: See the syllabus

GOOD BYE SEE YOU NEXT CLASS!

10 -minute break