United States Power Squadrons Advanced Piloting Course Coastal

United States Power Squadrons® Advanced Piloting Course (Coastal Navigation) Chapter 1 Considerations Educational Officer – Dave West dwest@voyager. net - 651 -429 -3840 Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg davidmoberg@att. net – 715 -386 -8582 Instructor – Art Mollica artmollica@usfamily. net - 651 -777 -0277 1

35’ 20’ 2

35’ FOLD BOTTOM THIRD UNDERNEATH AT 20’ MARK 3

FOLD TOP THIRD UNDERNEATH AT 35’ MARK 4

THIS IS THE AREA YOU WILL DO YOUR PLOTTING 5

21. 8’ 05. 6’ 49. 8’ COMPLETE FOLD FOR STORAGE 6

21. 8’ 05. 6’ FOLD FOREWARD AT 70º 49. 8’ MARK 7

21. 8’ FOLD BACKWARD AT 71º 05. 6’ MARK 8

FOLD LEFT EDGE FOREWARD AT 71º 21. 8’ MARK 9

Course Objectives § Extended Coastal / Inland Cruising § Electronic Navigation • Chartplotters, Computers, Digital Charts • Radar • Sonar, etc. § Advanced Positioning Techniques • Accuracy, Electronic Fixes • Avoidance Techniques § Tidal Effects • Depth, Clearance • Current Effects § Adjusting for Effects of Winds and Currents 10

Precision vs. Accuracy § What You Attempt to do … vs. § What You can Expect to Realize • • Helmsmanship Compass Performance Boat Response to Seas Avoiding Other Boats § Accuracy Factors • Plotting – 1º is Achievable • Helmsmanship – 3º may be Practical • Compass – 2º should be Expected § Averages out to about 4º • 425 ft per nautical mile run (0. 7 nm per 10 nm run) 11

Exercise 1 – 1 C 017 M D 6. 1 BB 01 1. Plan to depart RW “OR” at the entrance to Oyster River. Label only the first leg. 2. Plot and label the first leg to R N “ 2” near Shark River. 3. Plot the second leg to waypoint BB 01 (L 41º 43. 7’ N Lo 71º 50. 9’ W). 4. Plot the third leg to RN “ 2” at Perkins Cove. 5. Plot the return leg directly to RW “OR’. 12

Exercise 1 – 1 10 C 017 M S 12. 0 10 D 6. 1 BB 01 1000 Leg 1: You depart RW “OR” on a clear day at 1000 with a speed on 12. 0 kn, but at 1010 find yourself in fog. You are able to see the light on Chapman Point, but little else. Your GPS has failed and your destination appears shrouded in fog as well. You are concerned because your next waypoint is only an unlighted buoy which you can easily miss. a. How will you navigate? b. How will you be able to check your position? 13

Exercise 1 – 1 C 104 M S 12. 0 10 C 017 M S 12. 0 10 D 6. 3 D 6. 1 1031 BB 01 1000 Leg 2: You arrive at RN “ 2” at 1031 and start the second leg of your cruise. You’re still in fog. Your have radar and it is operational. a. How can you use your radar to find your position? 14

Exercise 1 – 1 C 017 M S 12. 0 8 9. 10 D 6. 3 D 10 D 6. 1 1031 BB 01 1103 5 M 15 0 C 12. S C 104 M S 12. 0 1000 1152 Leg 3: You break out of the fog and fortunately your GPS has resumed operating, so you find BB 01 at 1103. You start the third leg of the cruise which appears to be clear of the fog bank. You arrive at R N “ 2” outside Perkins Cove at 1152. a. What are your concerns on this leg? b. How will you ensure you are clear of the ‘Foul’ area? c. How will you ensure you miss the rocks near G “ 5”? 15

Exercise 1 – 1 C 017 M S 12. 0 8 9. 10 D 6. 3 D 6. 1 1031 BB 01 1103 5 M 15 0 C 12. S C 104 M S 12. 0 1000 D 8. 6 D 12. 9 C 287 M S 12. 0 1215 GPS 5 1 12 C 290 M S 12. 0 1152 Leg 4: You begin the final leg and soon are shrouded in fog again. At 1215 you decide to check and plot your GPS position, L 41º 36. 6’ N Lo 71º 47. 5’ W. You are off your intended course. a. What could have caused this condition? b. What could you have done to prevent this? c. Can the difference between the GPS fix and your DR be used to your advantage? 16

Exercise 1 – 1 C 017 M S 12. 0 8 1000 1258 9. 10 D 6. 3 D 6. 1 1031 BB 01 1103 5 M 15 0 C 12. S C 104 M S 12. 0 A C 287 M S 12. 0 D 8. 6 D 12. 9 1215 GPS 15 12 C 290 M S 12. 0 1152 Leg 4: Your GPS quits again, but fortunately the radar is still working. The problem is, you really don’t know exactly where you are. At Position A, you have just cleared the fog, but have not yet identified any navigation aids. You arrive at RW “OR” at 1258. a. What can you do to find your position? 17

Electronic Navigation § GPS § Chartplotters • Primary Position Sensor • GPS Position on Digital Chart • Primary Differences § Screen Size § Color vs. Grayscale § Processing Speeds § Features, Menus, and Controls • Similarities § Most Use Vector Digital Chips § Screen Presentations § Waypoints – Routes – Planning 18

Chartplotters § Ideal for Any Size Boat • Limited Space for Paper Charts § Live Navigation • Waypoint; route navigation; avoidance of hazards; tides & currents; scroll ahead/check paths; harbor & marine facility data § Planning § Advantages • Self-contained; marinized; sunlight readable § Disadvantages • No mouse • Vector charts – Limited memory 19

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Applying Deviation Magnetic Deviation Compass 000º 1º W 000º 045º 2º W 045º 090º 2º W 135º 1º W 090º 293 º 135º 180º 0º 225º 2º E 270º 1º E 315º 1º E 1º 5º E E 31 1º 068 º 090º 2º W 1º E W 0º º 180º 0º 1 1º 35º W 0º 203 1º E º º 158 21 113 1º E 5º 22 º E 2 1º E 195º 270º 1º E 5º 04 W 2º 1º W 2º º D M V T 1º W 315º 248 C 0º 270º Deviationº 338 1º W 0º 2º W 000º 1º W 023 Compass to Magnetic 345º Magnetic to Compass º Deviation Table (end of Chapter 7) 33 T V M D C 33

10 MINUTE BREAK 10 9 8 7 TAKE 6 YOUR 5 4 SEATS 3 2 PLEASE 1 34

United States Power Squadrons® Advanced Piloting Course (Coastal Navigation) Chapter 2 Electronic Navigation Tools Educational Officer – Dave West dwest@voyager. net - 651 -429 -3840 Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg davidmoberg@att. net – 715 -386 -8582 Instructor – Art Mollica artmollica@usfamily. net - 651 -777 -0277 35

Electronic Navigation Tools § Add to Your Safety, Confidence, and Comfort § Recreational Boater • Basic – handheld GPS; depth sounder • Advanced – radar; chartplotter; autopilot • Most Advanced – on-board computer; digit charting; wind instrumentation; multi-station repeaters 36

Radar § Independent ‘Eyes’ above the Water § Extremely Capable • Short Range – look for other boats § Collision Avoidance • Medium Range – look for position § Determine Position • Long Range – look for weather • Nighttime and Reduced Visibility § GAIN – too high = cluttered display § SEA CLUTTER FILTER – reduces near-in clutter § RAIN CLUTTER FILTER – masking due to rain echoes 37

Typical Radar Screen DISPLAY RANGE RING 1. 5 nm 1 / 4 nm 3 nm 1 / 2 nm 6 nm 12 nm 18 nm 3 nm 24 nm 36 nm 48 nm 60 nm 10 nm 72 nm 12 nm 3 nm R/R 1/2 000ºM AUTO H – UP M + EBL 1 000. 0º R 220. 0º VRM 1 00. 00 NM 01. 82 CURSOR BRG 098º 000º RNG 02. 0 NM 00. 0 NM EBL 2 000. 0º R VRM 2 00. 00 NM 38

Searchlight Principle § Any Object Behind Another is Invisible § Only Objects Actually Illuminated will Appear § Hidden Objects are in a Radar Shadow + 39

Interpreting the Display § You Move through the Water but Stay at Center of Display § Everything Else Moves on the Display § Challenge… • Separate Real Moving Targets from Fixed Objects • The Motion of Another Boat § Relative to You § Does Not Equal Heading of Boat • Depends upon what happens § What You Do (course & speed changes) § What Other Boat Does (course & speed changes) 40

Interpreting the Display 3 nm R/R 1/2 016ºM AUTO H – UP M + EBL 1 000. 0º R VRM 1 00. 00 NM CURSOR BRG 000º RNG 00. 0 NM EBL 2 000. 0º R VRM 2 00. 00 NM 41

Electronic Bearing Line 1 3 nm R/R 1/2 016ºM AUTO H – UP M + EBL 1 155. 0º R VRM 1 01. 52 NM CURSOR BRG 000º RNG 00. 0 NM EBL 2 000. 0º R VRM 2 00. 00 NM 42

Electronic Bearing Line 2 3 nm R/R 1/2 016ºM AUTO H – UP M + EBL 1 155. 0º R VRM 1 01. 52 NM CURSOR BRG 000º RNG 00. 0 NM EBL 2 058. 2º R VRM 2 01. 53 NM 43

Charting the Display M 58 ar d a R 0 ar ad MR 170 44

Vineyard Sound – Where are You 3 nm R/R 1/2 278ºM AUTO H – UP M + EBL 1 000. 0º R VRM 1 00. 00 NM CURSOR BRG 000º RNG 00. 0 NM EBL 2 000. 0º R VRM 2 00. 00 NM 45

Vineyard Sound – Where are You 46

Depth Sounder / Sonar § Provides a ‘Picture’ of what’s Below • Digital Depth Sounder § Depth to Bottom Below Transducer • Fishfinder § Plot of Past Depths Below Transducer • Sonar § Scanning Transducer – Look Ahead – Vertical & Horizontal Profile 47

Autopilots § Autopilot is not a Substitute for Lookout § Help Maintain Accurate Course § Reduce Fatigue on Helmsman § Heading Sensor - Fluxgate Compass 48

Other Electronics § Wind • Provide Direction and Speed • Compute Apparent and True § Weather • Barometric Pressure § Trends Tell More than Absolutes • Dew Point 49

Questions ? … Comments 50

Homework § Read Chapters 1 – 2 – 3 & 4 – Student Guide § Read Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 – Weekend Navigator § Do Chapter 1 & 2 Homework § Next Class – 26 April 51