Tell me about the SpanishAmerican War Awake United

Tell me about the Spanish-American War….

Awake United States! Eagle soar on high, and sound the battle cry! How proudly sailed the warship Maine, a Nation’s pride, without a stain! A wreck she lies, her sailors slain. By two-faced butchers, paid by Spain! Eagle soar on high, And sound the battle cry Wave the starry flag! In mud it shall not drag!

Background on Cuba was colonized by Spain - think 1492 By 19 th century, only Cuba and PR still Spanish colonies 1868 -1878 Cuban insurrection – Cuban rebels fight for independence February 24, 1895 another insurrection led by Jose Marti 1896 – General Weyler (Spanish) Reconcentration & military rule

What does the USA have to do with this? U. S. had business interests in Cuba-$50 million mining & sugar to “protect” American business interests & Cuban property Hit and run guerilla attacks on state property during fighting (hurt economy) US sympathetic with rebels Rebels placed in jail, some Americans News papers run stories about rebels (NYJ) "Death of Rodríguez“ – firing squad Remember the penny press? ? ? Yellow Journalism - Sensationalist news… (more on that later)

Here Comes President Mc. Kinley takes office 1897: “independent Cuba, annex Hawaii, Panama Canal” ▪ What does this tell us? ? Jan 25, 1898 USS Maine goes to Havana So, why did we send an American battle ship to Cuba? ?

"Worst Insult to the United States in its History. " De Lome letter (published Feb 9, 1898) Written by De. Lome, Spanish Ambassador to the US (sent to Foreign Minister of Spain Intercepted by rebels and published by Hearst Press, NY Journal "weak and catering to the rabble and, besides, a low politician who desires to leave a door open to himself and to stand well with the jingos of his party. "

And then…. Feb 15, 1898 Maine explodes lose 260 men

What happened? ? ? What will happen next? ? ?

New York Journal DESTRUCTION OF THE WAR SHIP MAINE WAS THE WORK OF AN ENEMY Assistant Secretary Roosevelt Convinced the Explosion of the War Ship Was Not an Accident. The Journal Offers $50, 000 Reward for the Conviction of the Criminals Who Sent 258 American Sailors to Their Death. Naval Officers Unanimous That the Ship Was Destroyed on Purpose.

New York Times MAINE’S HULL WILL DECIDE Divers to Find Whether the Force of the Explosion Was from the Exterior or Interior. SHE WAS AFLOAT FOR AN HOUR Spontaneous Combustion in Coal Bunkers a Frequent Peril to the Magazines of Warships – Hard to Blow Up the Magazine. NAVAL OFFICERS THINK THE MAINE WAS DESTROYED BY A SPANISH MINE.

Making Sense of the Maine Do you know what happened to the Maine? What evidence do you have for your answer? Give an example where the reporter uses solid evidence to support a claim made in the article. What effect might the Journal article have had on its readers? What effect might the Times article have had on its readers? Which article would people be more likely to remember and believe? How significant do you think the Maine explosion was to the American people at this time? Why?

Awake United States! This song was rushed into print between the sinking of the Maine (an American ship) on February 16, 1898 and the declaration of war on April 25, 1898. Eagle soar on high, and sound the battle cry! How proudly sailed the warship Maine, a Nation’s pride, without a stain! A wreck she lies, her sailors slain. By two-faced butchers, paid by Spain! Eagle soar on high, And sound the battle cry Wave the starry flag! In mud it shall not drag! Who sunk the Maine? What does this song reveal about American attitudes?

The first “media” war Yellow journalism Sensationalized, exaggerated and sometimes even manufactured (made up) stories New York Journal & New York World http: //www. authentichistory. com/1898 -1913/4 -imperialism/2 -saw/1 prelude/18980000_Uncle_Sam_Tell_Us_Why_Are_You_Waiting. George_J_Gaskin. html

Why do these articles matter?

A month after the Maine Explosion, the US government passes the: Teller Amendment: Cuba independent US demands a complete withdraw of Spanish troops from Cuba US called for unconditional compliance from Spain by April 23 Denies any desire by USA to keep Cuba April 22 nd Mc. Kinley blockades Cuba’s coastline If you were Spain what would you do?

Spain Declares War on April 25, 1898 Would you have declared war on the USA too?

The Spanish-American War Begins…. Any predictions? http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=urtm 4 Gpj. Fu 4

USA Not Prepared for War Decreased army after Civil War regulars Mobilization Act US afraid attack on Florida & - 26, 000 West Coast

The War Begins, but not in Cuba! May 1 - take Philippines within 6 hours Commodore Dewey takes Manila Bay (water) without losing a man! Emilio Aguinaldo returns and leads land victory Filipino freedom fighter Declares independent Philippines on June 12 In August, American army captures Manila Foresee any problems here? ? ?

The Pacific War Continues… Early June take Guam & the Spanish do not realize! Captain Henry Glass on his way to Manila stops in Guam June 20 – handed over by Spanish Governor ▪ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=n 4 h 8 kq. RE 29 s

Moving to the Caribbean Fighting begins in Cuba June 20, 1898 17, 000 American troops to Santiago July 1 - 8, 000 storm - Kettle Hill then San Juan Hill – Santiago falls Rough Riders, led by Teddy ▪ Cowboys, Indians, Wild West types, Ivy League athletes and sportsmen http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Fhk. CWpb. Zy. JU Buffalo Soldiers (9 th/10 th cavalries)

Lt. Colonel Theodore Roosevelt "We disembarked with our rifles, our ammunition belts, and not much else, " he remembered. "I carried some food in my pocket, and a light coat which was my sole camp equipment for the next three days. “

It is just about over… July 3 - Destroy Spanish Fleet – Santiago Bay Spanish flee Cuba July 25 , Gen’l Nelson Miles to Puerto Rico 3, 300 soldiers

The “Splendid Little War” Comes to An End Aug 12, 1898 cease fire A four month war! 274, 000 served – under 2, 456 died 385 killed in action, rest died of disease & food poisoning!

“War should never be entered upon until every agency of peace has failed” Guess who said this? Do you agree? Did we wait until “every agency” was exhausted before entering into the Spanish-American War?

Treaty of Paris Independence to Cuba Teller Amendment forced our hand! Puerto Rico Guam Philippines purchased for $20 million

"Our Terms, " Judge, 1898, by Eugene Zimmerman Explain the title What is the author’s message? Give 3 specific citations from the text and images

What happens to these territories? Cuba Platt Amendment 1903: naval bases, intervene, limit foreign interaction Puerto Rico Foraker Act 1900: civil gov’t and free trade; still US appointed positions Jones Act 1917 : restricted citizenship ▪ 48’ vote for own governor Philippines 1899 -1903 – war then government like PR 1946 - independent

Was it a “splendid little war”?

Anti-Imperialists Emerge June 15, 1898: Anti-Imperialist League Specific focus annexation Philippines Why? Economic, racial, moral and legal reasons Notable members: Andrew Carnegie Mark Twain Samuel Gompers

What is the message? I thought it would be a great thing to give a whole lot of freedom to Filipinos, but I guess now that it’s better to let them give it to themselves. Anti-imperialist Mark Twain

I thought it would be a great thing to give a whole lot of freedom to Filipinos, but I guess now that it’s better to let them give it to themselves. Anti-imperialist Mark Twain

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 x. KCH 86 n 2 a. Y&feature=relmfu Reenactment rough riders – west orange!