True Maps False Impressions Making Manipulating and Interpreting

True Maps, False Impressions: Making, Manipulating, and Interpreting Maps Chapter 1

What is geography? The spatial perspective: how human activities are organized in space and how they relate to the natural environment.

The Five Themes of Human Geography 1) Location 2) Place 3) Region 4) Movement 5) Human-Environmental Interaction Table 1. 1 (p. 2)

Maps A two-dimensional graphical representation of the surface of the earth.

Ways that Cartographers Manipulate Maps Projection Simplification Scale Aggregation Type of Map (reference / thematic)

Map Projections Mercator Mollweide Figure 1. 1 (p. 4)

Map Projections Van Der Grinten Robinson Figure 1. 1 (p. 4)

Map Projections Polar Figure 1. 1 (p. 4)

Map Projections varying point of orientation Dymaxion Map Figure 1. 1 (p. 4)

Map Projections

Map Simplification Lincoln, Nebraska Figure 1. 2 (p. 6)

Map Scale Denver International Airport Figure 1. 3 (p. 7)

Map Aggregation Percent of the population age 25+ with a bachelor's degree, 1990. Figures 1. 4 (p. 8)

Map Aggregation Percent of the population age 25+ with a bachelor's degree, 1990. Figures 1. 4 & 1. 5 (p. 8)

Map Aggregation

Map Aggregation

Map Type: Reference Maps Figure 1. 2 (p. 6) USGS Southwest Pueblo Quadrangle

Map Type: Thematic Maps Isoline: Average Daily Solar Radiation Choropleth: Florida Senior Citizens Figure 1. 6 (p. 9)

Map Type: Thematic Maps Dot: Wisconsin Acerage in Potatoes Figure 1. 6 (p. 9)

Name That Key Term

The absolute position of something on the surface of the earth and its relative proximity to other related things (the first theme of geography). Location The local human and physical characteristics that uniquely define a place and give it meaning to its inhabitants (the second theme of geography). Place An area characterized by similarity or by cohesiveness that sets it apart from other areas (the third theme of geography). Region The flow of people, goods, money, ideas, or materials between locations near or far (the fourth theme of geography). Movement

The ways in which human society and the natural environment affect each other (the fifth theme of geography). Human-Environmental Interaction A two-dimensional graphical representation of the surface of the earth (or of events that occur on the earth). Map The ratio of map distance to earth distance, measured in the same units. Map Scale A systematic method of transferring a spherical surface to a flat map. Map Projection Elimination of unimportant detail on maps and retention and possibly exaggeration and distortion of important information, depending on the purpose of the map. Simplification

The level of detail for dividing a thematic map into geographic units, ranging from a coarse division (e. g. , countries) to a fine division (e. g. , zip codes). Aggregation A general-purpose map that shows recognizable landmarks, roads, and political units. Reference Map A map that demonstrates a particular feature or a single variable. Thematic Map A thematic map in which the size of a symbol varies in relation to the frequency or intensity of the mapped variable. Proportional Symbol Map A thematic map in which a dot represents some frequency of the mapped variable. Dot Map

A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value. Isoline Map A thematic map in which ranked classes of some variable are depicted with shading patterns or colors for predefined zones. Choropleth Map Information obtained indirectly from another source that was previously collected, processed, and made available to a larger audience. Secondary Data Information collected directly by the researchers or their equipment without any intermediary. This can include surveys, interviews, observations, or measurements obtained in the field. Primary Data

Information that has a geographical or locational component. Spatial Data A computer hardware and software system that handles geographically referenced data. A ___ uses and produces maps and has the ability to perform many types of spatial analysis. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Explanatory list of symbols in a map. Usually appears in a box in a lower corner. Legend The study of the distribution of humans and their activities on the surface of the earth and of the processes that generate these distributions. Human Geography

True Maps, False Impressions: Making, Manipulating, and Interpreting Maps Case Study Chapter 1

After completing this chapter, you will be able to: • Convert map scale to real-world distances. • Recognize choropleth, proportional symbol, isoline, and dot maps. • Recognize that changing the scale and type of a map changes its message. • Understand the difference between changing scale and changing level of aggregation. • Use GIS to change the class limits on a choropleth map. • Describe the geographic distribution of African-Americans in the United States.

Activity 1: Scale (pp. 15 & 16)

Figures 1. 11 & 1. 12 (pp. 17 & 19)

Spatial Data & GIS • Primary vs. secondary data • Geographic information systems (GIS)

Historical Geog. of African Americans • Slave trade 1619 -1808 • Emancipation in 1863 • Post-World War I — Northward Migration • Post-1970 Reversal in Migration Flows • Census treatment of race and ethnicity • Race and ethnicity as socially constructed variables

Activity 2: Thematic Maps Which format can be read more quickly? Table 1. 2 (p. 25) Which format includes more detail? Online Activity

Online Activity

Understanding Isoline Maps Figure 1. 13 (p. 28)

True Maps, False Impressions: Making, Manipulating, and Interpreting Maps Case Study Canadian Examples Chapter 1

Online Activity