Reading and Interpreting Topographic Maps Peaks and Valleys

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Reading and Interpreting Topographic Maps

Reading and Interpreting Topographic Maps

Peaks and Valleys Select a Topic Terms Rules for Drawing Contours Tips for Interpreting

Peaks and Valleys Select a Topic Terms Rules for Drawing Contours Tips for Interpreting Contour Patterns Test your Knowledge Link to Topozone

~ Key Terms ~

~ Key Terms ~

Elevation A term that describes the height of a point on Earth’s surface above

Elevation A term that describes the height of a point on Earth’s surface above (or below) sea level. This point is 6300 feet (1920 meters) above sea level. http: //www. math. montana. edu/~nmp/materials/ess/mountain_environments/novice/yosemite. jpg

Topographic Map A map that show the elevation of the land, such as hills

Topographic Map A map that show the elevation of the land, such as hills and valleys, using contour lines. http: //www. math. montana. edu/~nmp/materials/ess/mountain_environments/novice/yosemite. jpg

Contour Lines http: //www. topozone. com/map. asp? lat=35. 16670759393963&lon=-106. 71383553979156&s=25&size=l&symshow=n Contour lines are lines

Contour Lines http: //www. topozone. com/map. asp? lat=35. 16670759393963&lon=-106. 71383553979156&s=25&size=l&symshow=n Contour lines are lines connecting points of equal elevation. Every point along the line lies at the same elevation above sea level. Imagine walking around a hill in such a way that you never go up or down the hill, but stay at the same level. The trace of your path would be a contour line of that elevation.

Contour Interval The vertical distance between one contour line and the next. On any

Contour Interval The vertical distance between one contour line and the next. On any map, the contour interval must be constant, and must be shown in the map’s legend. On this map, the contour interval is 20 feet, because each line represents a 20 foot increase in elevation.

This entire line represents 1200 feet above sea level. 12 50 12 11 50

This entire line represents 1200 feet above sea level. 12 50 12 11 50 Every point along a contour line represents the same elevation. 00 Rules for Successful Contouring Rule #1

Can’t happen! 12 12 50 11 50 00 11 Contour lines NEVER split or

Can’t happen! 12 12 50 11 50 00 11 Contour lines NEVER split or divide! 50 Rules for Successful Contouring Rule #2

Rules for Successful Contouring Rule #3 What’s the elevation here? ? ? 00 12

Rules for Successful Contouring Rule #3 What’s the elevation here? ? ? 00 12 12 50 11 Contour lines cannot just stop. They must either form a closed loop, or run off the edge of your map. 00 This is fine! ? ?

00 12 12 50 11 Contour lines NEVER, EVER cross 00 Rules for Successful

00 12 12 50 11 Contour lines NEVER, EVER cross 00 Rules for Successful Contouring Rule #4 What’s going on? ? Is this area above or below 1200 feet? ?

Tip 1: What does contour line spacing indicate? The closer together the contour lines

Tip 1: What does contour line spacing indicate? The closer together the contour lines are, the steeper the hill is. The more spread apart they are, the gentler the slope. Traveling along the red line would be much steeper than traveling along the green line.

Tip 2: Which way is the stream flowing? When contour lines cross a stream

Tip 2: Which way is the stream flowing? When contour lines cross a stream or river, they form vshaped kinks in the lines that always point upstream. Also remember - Water always flows DOWNHILL! Blue Creek flow towards the East.

Tip 3: Finding the hill tops Hill tops are easy to find. Just look

Tip 3: Finding the hill tops Hill tops are easy to find. Just look for the concentric closed contour lines that form the top of a hill. Notice the contour lines that form the two peaks below.

Tip 4: What do those funny hachure marks mean? 0 0 7 0 0

Tip 4: What do those funny hachure marks mean? 0 0 7 0 0 0 8 60 Some features, such as the Grand Canyon, lakes, mines, or sinkholes actually are holes in the ground. The hachured contours indicate a depression. Don’t confuse it with a hilltop!

TOPO QUIZ Now its time to test your topography map reading skills. Good Luck!!

TOPO QUIZ Now its time to test your topography map reading skills. Good Luck!!

1. If you traveled from point A to point B, would you be going

1. If you traveled from point A to point B, would you be going uphill or downhill? 2. What landform do you think this map depicts? a. Valley b. Mountain c. Plain 0 0 70 75 A 0 80 B X 825

Correct!

Correct!

Sorry • Actually, you would be going uphill. Look at the elevations on the

Sorry • Actually, you would be going uphill. Look at the elevations on the contour lines you will be crossing .

Sorry

Sorry

50 0 0 60 70 0 0 80 3. In which direction does Maple

50 0 0 60 70 0 0 80 3. In which direction does Maple Creek flow? a. Northeast b. Southwest c. Can’t tell from information given 4. What is the contour interval of this map? a. 50 b. 100 c. 400 k e e e M l ap Cr

D B 1150 6. Which hike would be steeper, from A to B or

D B 1150 6. Which hike would be steeper, from A to B or from C to D? C 1200 5. What is the approximate elevation at the top of this hill? a. 1240 b. 1300 c. 1000 A 1100

8. What type of landform is depicted here? a. a mountain b. a depression

8. What type of landform is depicted here? a. a mountain b. a depression c. a valley 60 20 40 7. What is the contour interval of this map? a. 20 feet b. -20 feet c. 60 feet

Link to Topozone The USGS publishes topographic maps of the entire country. This website

Link to Topozone The USGS publishes topographic maps of the entire country. This website allows you to view any of these topographic maps. Go to this site and use the map search to try to locate your city, town, school, or maybe even your own house. When you find a familiar area, examine the contours to see how well you recognize your own topographic features!