The Second AngloAfghan War HIST 3035 102214 Dost

The Second Anglo-Afghan War HIST 3035 10/22/14

Dost Mohammad Khan (r. 18261839; 18451863)

George Eden, 1 st Earl of Auckland

Battle of Ghazni, 1839

General William Elphinstone

William Mc. Naughten and Akbar Khan

Remnants of an Army

Bala Hissar

Sepoys • Revolts against British rule Were regular in early 19 th century • Biggest concern was loyalty of sepoys. • Sepoys – Indian soldiers working for British • Sepoys outnumbered British troops 200, 000 to 38, 000 in 1857.

Sepoy Mutiny/Revolt (1857) • Growing resentment over ethnic and regional competition, requirements to fight overseas, and new technologies. • Enfield rifle: soldiers must tear cartridge open with teeth, but bullets are (rumored to be) greased with animal fat. • Muslims worried about pig fat, Hindus worried about beef fat. • Neither is true but rumors spread quickly. • Reflects concern over Britain’s disruption of society. • So do rumors of Sepoy violence.

Sepoy Mutiny • Support for last Mughal Emperor (Bahadur Shah Zafar) and Maratha Emperor (Nana Sahib) • Revolt put down with support of British army • Leads to questions about EIC rule

Violence of Sepoy Mutiny • Sieges and ambushes of British military stations. • Often home of civilian populations as well. • Women and children killed. • British response includes mass executions (blowing from the guns). • Unofficial lynchings.

Revolt, Mutiny, or… • Today the Sepoy Mutiny is remembered in India as India’s First War of Independence. • Why does the name matter?

Government of India Act 1858 • Because British government had to save EIC… • The EIC is dissolved and India formally becomes a part of the British Empire. • New centralized government, last traces of Mughal rule eliminated. • Governor-General in Delhi acts as Viceroy • Queen Victoria guarantees equal rights of all Indians • 1877: Empress of India

(Some of) Dost Muhammad’s Sons Sher Ali Khan (r. 1863 -1879); Muhammad Afzal Khan (r. 1865 -1867); Muhammad Azam Khan (r. 1867 -1868)

Sher Ali, Charles Chamberlain, and Sir Richard F. Pollock (1869); Constantine von Kaufman

Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878 -1880)

Treaty of Gandamak Jenkyns, Major Cavagnari, Amir Yaqub Khan, General Daoud Shah, and Habibullah Mustafi

Ayyub Khan and Maiwand

Abdur Rahman Khan – “The Iron Amir” (r. 18801901)

Durrand Line