The Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation 1517 1650 w

Protestant Reformation 1517 -1650 w w w To protest = To object To reform

Underlying causes of the Reformation w The Renaissance, led people question the authority of

Underlying Causes of the Reformation w Economic restrictions such as the ban on usury,

Martin Luther w In Wittenburg Germany Martin Luther posted a list of complaints against

Luther condemned the church w Luther condemned the Catholic for : n n n

Indulgences and Nepotism w Indulgences were pardons for sins that could be purchased. w

Results of the Reformation w New Religions w Religious Wars w Greater power for

Calvinism w Based on the teachings of John Calvin. w Predestination- only those chosen

Henry VIII w Henry was not a true reformer, yet broke from the Catholic

Religious Wars w Religious differences led to 100 years warfare. w Protestant England engaged

The Counter Reformation w Was an attempt to stop the spread of Protestant religions

Results of the Counter Reformation w The Inquisition - Church courts that had the

Results of the Counter Reformation w Religious persecution w Despite these moves the Counter

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The Protestant Reformation

Protestant Reformation 1517 -1650 w w w To protest = To object To reform = To change for the better The Protestant Reformation: Protested practices of the Catholic Church. It began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church.

Underlying causes of the Reformation w The Renaissance, led people question the authority of the church and place greater faith in human reason. w The rise of nation-states led monarchs to resent the power of the pope in their countries.

Underlying Causes of the Reformation w Economic restrictions such as the ban on usury, or the lending of money at interest, created opposition among members of the new middle class. w People resented the tithe (10% tax). w Corruption within the Catholic Church caused a crisis of faith among believers.

Martin Luther w In Wittenburg Germany Martin Luther posted a list of complaints against the catholic church called The Ninety-Five Thesis, or questions for debate.

Luther condemned the church w Luther condemned the Catholic for : n n n Selling indulgences Nepotism Its interpretation of the Bible

Indulgences and Nepotism w Indulgences were pardons for sins that could be purchased. w It equaled paying forgiveness. w Nepotism: The Selling of positions of power within the Catholic Church. w Martin Luther believed that faith alone guaranteed salvation(afterlife).

Results of the Reformation w New Religions w Religious Wars w Greater power for civil authorities w The Counter-Reformation

Calvinism w Based on the teachings of John Calvin. w Predestination- only those chosen by god would get salvation. 1. Moral lives 2. Hard Work 3. Simple lives

Henry VIII w Henry was not a true reformer, yet broke from the Catholic Church and the pope. w When denied a divorce Henry issued the Act of Supremacy and created a national religion for England.

Religious Wars w Religious differences led to 100 years warfare. w Protestant England engaged in a naval war with Spain. w Thirty Years War in Germany (1618 -1648)

The Counter Reformation w Was an attempt to stop the spread of Protestant religions w Council of Trent w confirmed church teachings w instituted reforms such as ending the sale of indulgences.

Results of the Counter Reformation w The Inquisition - Church courts that had the power to execute those convicted of being heretics. w The Index- a list of books Catholics were forbidden to read

Results of the Counter Reformation w Religious persecution w Despite these moves the Counter Reformation was unable to restore the former membership, power and prestige of the church.