THE REFORMATION Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation movement in

THE REFORMATION

Protestant Reformation • Protestant Reformation: movement in the 16 th century (1500’s) to attempt to change (reform) the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe.

Martin Luther • 1517: Posted 95 theses (problems) on the door of the church • Printing press spread the 95 theses to others who agreed with the ideas. • Luther was excommunicated by the Pope • John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli spread ideas against the church throughout Europe.

Counter-Reformation • Catholic Church takes steps to Reform itself • 1545 -1563: Council of Trent: defined church policy and included the elimination of indulgences. • 1530’s Society of Jesus (Jesuits): spread Catholic faith and tried to bring people back to the Catholic Church

Reformation in England • Pope would not let Henry VIII divorce his wife, so he claimed himself the head of the church so he could divorce his wife. • Allowed bible to be printed in English

Reformation in England • 1547: Edward VI: Protestant • 1553: Mary I (Bloody Mary): Catholic • 1558: Elizabeth I: Protestant/Catholic

St. Bartholomew Massacre • 1572: Over 20, 000 Huguenots (French Protestants) killed in France • 1598: Edict of Nantes: gave Huguenots the right to worship publicly, occupy public offices, and administer their own towns • Protestants now viewed the Catholic Church as the devil

American Colonies • Founded by Protestants seeking religious freedom. • 1620: Plymouth by Puritans • 1630: Massachusetts Bay by Puritans • 1638: New Haven by Puritans • 1639: Connecticut by Puritans • 1644: Rhode Island by Puritans • 1682: Pennsylvania by Quakers