The Food and Agriculture Organization FAO of the

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations FAO’s Perspective on Aid and Development Effectiveness in Agriculture and Rural Development Kazuyuki Tsurumi FAO Representative in the Philippines Civil Society Forum on Aid and Development Effectiveness in Agriculture and Rural Development 04 July 2011, Balai Kalinaw, UP Diliman, Quezon City

CONTEXT 1 • In the 2005 World Summit Outcome, the UN Secretary. General committed "to launch work to further strengthen the management and coordination of United Nations operational activities so that they can make an even more effective contribution to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), including proposals for consideration by Member States for more tightly managed entities in the fields of development, humanitarian assistance and the environment. “

CONTEXT 2 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness From 91 countries, 26 donor organizations, representatives of CSOs and the private sector, the Ministers as well as the Heads of multilateral and bilateral development institutions committed their countries and institutions to far-reaching and monitorable actions to significantly increase aid effectiveness • Main commitments include: – Developing countries will exercise effective leadership over their development policies, strategies, and to coordinate development actions; – Donor countries will base their overall support on receiving countries' national development strategies, institutions, and procedures; – Donor countries will work so that their actions are more harmonized, transparent, and collectively effective; – All countries will manage resources and improve decision-making for results; – Donor and developing countries pledge that they will be mutually accountable for development results.

CONTEXT 3 FAO Reform • Independent Evaluation of FAO’s Decentralization – Further Management Response (September 2005) • Independent External Evaluation (2007): Recommendation on the Technical Cooperation at the Country Level

FAO Response: Decentralization • Adaptation of programming approaches at the country level • New management mechanisms of programs and financial resources in line with the principles of country ownership, effectiveness, transparency, accountability, capacity • introduction of a new operating model and delegation of administrative, budgetary and program responsibilities to the Regional offices and FAO Representations;

FAO Response: Programme approach q Country Programming Framework (CPF), linked to the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) q Conceptual Framework for Assistance to Member Countries o Right to Food

FAO Response: Programme approach What is CPF? • is a planning and management tool introduced to better focusing FAO attention at country level • is FAO's input in the UN Common Country Programming Process (such as, UNDAF) or Delivering as One • is a programming tool for developing fund mobilization strategy • is a Government-FAO agreed programming for FAO assistance and support in the country under wider consultation

FAO Response: Programme approach WHY CPF? • Because it allows the member country and FAO to achieve q strategic vision of priority areas for FAO assistance in the short and medium term q higher predictability of resources if and when mobilized (FAO not being a funding agency) q increased effectiveness of assistance as it is more focused q better performance through inclusion of a results based approach q alignment with the other development partners q transparency and accountability towards the country and the partners

FAO Response: Programme approach Conceptual Framework for Assistance to Member Countries: Why the Right to Food? . . . because it is a legal obligation. § The right of everyone to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food § The fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger - International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 160 State Parties

Why the Right to Food? . . . because it is a political commitment. FAO Constitution since 1965 “. . . and thus ensuring humanity’s freedom from hunger” World Food Summits 1996, 2002, 2009 Millennium Declaration 2000, Outcome MDG Review 2010 FAO Strategic Framework: Organizational Result

Why the Right to Food? . . . because we have a practical tool. Right to Food Voluntary Guidelines § Adopted by the FAO Council in November 2004 § Practical tool to implement right to rood obligations § Tackling the root causes of hunger (enabling environment)

Voluntary Guidelines (19 aspects) Why are they useful? § Cover all necessary elements of a sound food security strategy and process § Framework for cross-sectoral coordination § Translate human rights principles into concrete recommendations for action § Provide a basis for advocating for more equitable policies and programs

Right to Food is more Every person States Everyone Right Obligations Responsibilities Human rights principles - Accountability

. . . is Human Rights Based Approach. It follows the human right principles Participation Accountability Non Discrimination Transparency Human dignity Empowerment Rule of Law The basic idea underlying the rightsbased approach to development assistance would be that, in the context of international cooperation, efforts done in the name of development shall be conducive to the realization of human rights. This means on the one hand, development cooperation shall not impede the enjoyment of human rights while on the other hand, it should also contribute to improve the enjoyment of those rights for all. - FIAN, 2008

. . . mainstreaming in practice Goal: food security and nutrition programs should further human rights as laid down in human rights standards and use right to food considerations when identifying priorities Process: Human rights principles and standards guide development cooperation and programming, thus improving efficiency and quality of outcomes Outcome: projects develop the capacities of duty bearers to meet their obligations and of rights holders to claim their rights, paradigm shift, from service delivery to capacity development.

Step by step: 1) Assessment/Situation analysis • examine the legal and policy environments, treaties • assess social, economic and cultural aspects, including budget • information should be disaggregated • the assessment process should be participatory and include representatives from marginalized groups • a variety of sources will be used • information and assessment process is sensitive to cultures

Step by step: 2) Planning and design • development challenge is formulated as a human rights issue (root causes of hunger) • the priority is the achievement of human rights • human rights principles included in the design • focus on people, on the most vulnerable • empowerment HR-based Logframe Input: guided by human rights principles Output: tangible contribution to Capacity Building Outcome: increased performance of rights holders and duty bearers Impact: realization of human rights

Step by step: 3) Implementation § human rights principles and standards are consistently being respected throughout the programming cycle § equality and non-discrimination: priority given to the most marginalized groups, continuous assessment whether inequalities exist § accountability: are roles and responsibilities in the implementation clear? how is information shared? what complaint mechanisms are in place for those affected? § participation: who are the disadvantaged groups participating in the programme? what kind of capacity building?

Step by step: 4) Monitoring and evaluation § monitoring comprises the process - measurable now - and the outputs/results – only visible in the long term § with whom? right holders and duty bearers, CSO’s § how to measure? human rights principles and standards guide the selection of indicators § indicators show HR principles have been incorporated (marginalized groups involved, equal representation, resources spent on making information accessible) § indicators show HR have contributed to effectiveness

Measure of aid’s effectiveness Indeed the only measures of aid’s effectiveness are its contribution to the sustained alleviation of poverty and its promotion of human rights and environmental sustainability. - FIAN, 2008

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Salamat Po.