The Age of Jackson Election 1824 Division in

The Age of Jackson

Election 1824 • Division in Republican • Major changes Party • Universal White Male Suffrage Causes: – Industry New England – Cotton in South – Westward Expansion – More people could vote (had removed property requirements)

Continued • Had five candidates from the same party • No majority—top two went to House of Representatives – – John Quincy Adams—New England fav John Calhoun—SC—withdrew later to run for VP William Crawford –GA Henry Clay—KY—hoping American sys would get him popularity – Andrew Jackson TN—Popular from Battle of New Orleans (winner)

“Corrupt Bargain” • Andrew Jackson won popular vote but NOT Electoral College’s Majority vote • Went to house of Representatives • Henry Clay supports to Adams • Clay made Secretary of State • Jackson supporters cry corrupt bargain • Claim he’s cheated out of office • How does it look for Adams?

John Q. Adams • Starts term looking less than perfect • Not an effective president • Clung to Washington’s Precedent-remain aloof & removed from the Political game • Angered supporters by placing opponents in office • Wished to not affiliate w/any party • Killed his career

• Upcoming election—Jackson still popular (N. O. ) • Older politicians skeptical—Notorious bad temper • Liked by younger crowd • Campaigning early • Reflect back to Jeffersonian • One main party around—men referred to selves as Adams men/Jackson men/Friends of Clay • Martin Van Buren politician saw this division • Loved the “Game” • Saw need for 2 party competition WHY?

1828 Election Jackson President and Calhoun as VP for new Democratic Party VS Adams under party called National Republicans • Ugly election • Adams accused of debt, riches, and silk underwear • Jackson accused of being a drunken gambler and an illiterate back woodsman • Played up to present self as “Common Man” (actually a Planter)

• Jackson won big in the Electoral College in 1828 and 1832 • Practiced “Rotation in Office” or “Spoils System” • Booted rival party from offices (not the 1 st to do this) • Claimed he was putting “common men” in government positions…friends put in • Against Internal Improvements • Saw as a waste and unconstitutional • $ should be spent to favor all

Removal of the Cherokee Indians • Indian Removal Act passed by Congress in 1830 • Cherokee challenged in court and won (Worchester vs. Georgia) • Jackson ignored the Supreme Court and forcibly removed • Trail of Tears (1 in 4 died on trip)

Tariff of 1828 (raised tariff very high) • South Carolina and John C. Calhoun wrote doctrine of nullification • Renewed states’ right argument • Said tariff was null and void • Jackson threatened to send in troops • Clay got compromise tariff • Avoided conflict for now • Start of a Rift btwn Calhoun and Jackson

• Calhoun--a War Hawk w/strong Nationalist ideas • Calhoun felt $ from tariffs should go to common good (tariff didn’t meet his standards)

National Bank • Jackson suspicious of Banks, paper money, and monopolies • Reminds him of the NE and elite attitudes • Became the major election issue in 1832 • Jackson vetoed the new bank charter and killed the bank • Put money in state (pet) banks – Used poor practices – Gave loans for land speculation – Ran land prices up

• 1836 Jackson issued specie circular – Had to pay for land in gold or silver, not paper – People went to get gold or silver for paper – Many banks went under – Turned into a depression that lasted several years

Jackson’s Position Laws or on the Issue Acts of Congress related to Issue Native American Policy Nullification Crisis National Bank Reactions against Jackson Impact of Jackson’s Policy