Thailand Country Report Update on Fire and Haze

Thailand Country Report Update on Fire and Haze Situation and Actions Taken in 2013

Outline of Presentation 1. Fire and Haze Monitoring in Thailand 1. 1 Hotspot count and Fire Detection 1. 2 Air Quality Monitoring 1. 3 Public Dissemination of Fire and Haze Information 2. Haze Situations in Thailand in 2013 2. 1 Haze in Northern Thailand 2. 2 Haze in Southern Thailand 3. National Prevention and Mitigation Measures 4. Best Practice: Public Participation on Fire&Haze Control

1. 1 Hotspot count and Fire Detection § Hotspot Monitoring using Satellite images v Aqua/Terra – MODIS by DNP v NOAA by ASMC § Fire detection by Ground survey

1. 2 Air Quality Monitoring Station (63 stations) Mobile Unit (5 units) Pollutant: PM 10, CO, O 3, NOx, SO 2 and specific parameters (VOC, TSP, PM 2. 5) Met. : wind speed/direction, temp. , radiation, rainfall, etc.

1. 3 Public Dissemination of Fire&Haze Info. 1. Provide necessary data to related ministries and agencies, provinces and local authorities for monitoring and control fire and haze 2. Disseminate information to public for health protection and raise awareness to cooperate on open burning and haze control

1. 3. 1 Public Dissemination of Forest Fire Data http: //www. dnp. go. th/forestfire Hotspot Information Fire Weather Index Fire Risk Area Map

1. 3. 2 Public Dissemination of Air Quality Data www. aqmthai. com Real-time air quality data from PCD monitoring stations and AQI Application: Air 4 Thai

2. Haze Situations in Thailand in 2013 Northern Thailand Dry season: Jan – April Problems: Forest fire, open burning in agricultural areas/ community, transboundary haze pollution Southern Thailand Dry season: June - September Problems: Burning in peatland, transboundary haze pollution

2. 1 Haze Situations in Northern Thailand • 12 stations covered 8 fire-prone provinces • Mobile units mobilized to critical areas Total days which PM 10 exceeded std. 2012 63 days 2013 46 days

Haze Situations in Chiang Rai

2. 2 Haze Situation in the Southern Thailand Highest conc. 129 µg/m 3 PM 10 Standard • 5 stations • Mobile units mobilized to critical areas

3. National Prevention and Mitigation Measures

3. 1 Policies/Regulations/Plans • National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan (20102014) • National Master Plan for Open Burning Control • Action Plan on Fire and Haze Control (2012 -2017) • National Strategy on Forest Fire Management • Haze Pollution Prevention and Mitigation for Provinces in Northern Thailand, 2013 • Peatland Fire Prevention and Mitigation Plan • Provincial Regulations

3. 2 Institutions • Single Command § National Level: Prime Minister/ Deputy Prime Minister § Provincial Level: Governor • Committee § National Disaster Management Committee chaired by Prime Minister § National Committee on Fire and Haze Control: chaired by Minister of Natural Resources and Environment • Stakeholders § Private sector/Community/Academic/Public

3. 3 Haze Pollution Prevention and Mitigation for Provinces in Northern Thailand, 2013 Measures 1. 100 Day - Control Burning Activities • Strictly prohibited burning in forest areas and control burning in communities, agricultural areas and roadside during Jan – April • Issued provincial regulations to control burning by the Governors • Strictly enforce law and regulation related to fire and haze control

Measures Activities 2. Forest Fire Prevention • Fire detection and suppression: and Control Satellite, ground survey and hotline • Fuel management strategy: Early burning, Fire brake construction • Public Relation Programme with local communities in 9 Northern Province • Resources mobilisation: staffs vehicle and equipments

Measure Activities 3. Supporting Zero • 1, 000 villages are evaluated and supported to increase their capacity to Burning Villages in control fire and haze • 5, 000 villagers are educated and raised the Northern awareness to control burning Thailand • Meetings with Private sector to discuss about cooperation on fire and haze control Private sector • Open burning control networks consist of through Corporate academic sector, private sector, local authorities, NGOs and local communities Social 4. Cooperation with Responsibility

5. Promotion of Public Awareness and Public Participation Press conference/interview Zero Burning Campaign and Caravan Content in Public Relations n n n n Types of Public Relations Brochures Animations and video Spot and short advertisement Seeking Cooperation, and network Sources and health impact of haze Non –burning techniques n Channel of Public Relations Evaluation of Public Relations n Evaluation of perception and understanding of the publics (receiving, knowing and performing) By man Village Radio Speaker Newspaper, Radio and Television Other media n n

6. Early warning of Haze 80 < PM 10 < 120 ug/m 3 Observation Level: report data (hotspot, air quality and meteorological data through website 120 < PM 10 < 200 ug/m 3 Warning Level: report data through website, e-mail, Fax and sms People are warned to avoid haze covered area/ Sensitive group should stay in the house 200 < PM 10 < 350 ug/m 3 Hazardous Level: report data through website, e-mail, Formal letter, Fax and sms Burning in forest areas is prohibited, Strictly enforce law People especially sensitive group are warned to stay in the house PM 10 > 350 ug/m 3 Severe Level: report data through website, e-mail, Formal letter, Fax and sms All burning is prohibited, Strictly enforce law People especially sensitive group are warned to stay in the house/ outdoor activities are advised to be cancelled

Measures 7. Regional Cooperation on Transboundary Haze Control Activities o Cooperation between Lao PDR and Thailand: Thailand is in the process of installation of one fully equipped air quality monitoring station in Lao PDR o Training Workshop on Air Quality Monitoring and Haze Pollution Control: 27 – 29 March 2013, Bangkok, Thailand

8. Single Command Approach Single Command Prime Minister/Deputy Prime Minister Related Ministries Ministers Forward Command (Provincial Level) Governor District Level District Chief Officer Administrative authorities Forest protection and Forest fire control authorities Agricultural authorities Military/Police

3. 4 Peatland Fire Prevention and Mitigation Plan 1. Water Management under the Pak Panang River Basin Development Royal Project Maintain water level

. 2 Peatland Fire Prevention Measures • Specify burning prohibited areas • Strictly prohibit illegal fire, forest fire and waste burning in peatland • Resource Mobilization for fire monitoring: fire fighter, military, volunteer, helicopter

3. Public Participation and Awareness Raising • Setting up Mobile PR Units for near-forest or remote communities and villages • Producing posters, billboards, radio spots and video clips to disseminate date and raise awareness • Conducting Educational Program for school children

4. Fire Suppression Preparedness • Preparation of vehicle, equipment and staff • Annual Exercise/Fire Fighting Training/ Training of Trainer • Improved coordination mechanisms among related organizations to share resources and work together • setting up village/community Forest Fire Fighting Team

Concept of the Project: based on Royal Initiatives Community’s awareness of owner Sustainability Develop Get inside Understand • Sufficiency Economy • 6 -Dimension Development • Ground survey • Raise awareness/ • Collect related information: participation/collaboration literature review/ interview/ from community questionnaire • Evaluate situations/root causes/problems

Royal Initiatives: Sufficiency Economy • Sufficiency Economy comprises three main elements: moderation, reasonableness and self-immunity, and two conditions: knowledge and morality. In addition, it offers an alternative development aiming to reach three aims: unity, balance and sustainability.

THE PEOPLE SURVIVE, Sustainability THE FOREST THRIVES Value added, Market, Co-op Short tern 1 - 3 yrs survival Long term 7 – 12 yrs Economical forest Middle term 4 – 6 yrs Community forest

Royal Initiative: 6 - Dimension Development Water Soil Agriculture Environment Forest Alternative Energy

Understand: causes and problems Questionare & Interview

Get Inside Ground survey Using map and GPS Collect data and educate people

Develop: Water Management

Develop: Agriculture (alternative livelihood) Asparagus Broccoli Garden pea Superhot Chili Peanut Green brinjal Okra Beetroot

Develop: Forest (community and economical forest) THE PEOPLE SURVIVE, Sustainability THE FOREST THRIVES Value added, Market, Co-op Short tern 1 - 3 yrs survival Long term 7 – 12 yrs Economical forest Middle term 4 – 6 yrs Community forest

Thank you for your attention