Strategic Roadmaps and Planning within the Universe Division

Strategic Roadmaps and Planning within the Universe Division Briefing to the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee 15 February 2005 Michael Salamon Universe Division, Science Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters

Two Roadmap Processes within the Universe Division • Traditional (“legacy”) roadmap, now called the Universe Division Planning Document – Beyond Einstein Roadmap was previous “traditional” roadmap for SEU Theme – Production of roadmap a “bottoms-up” process – Divisional roadmaps fed into Enterprise roadmap, itself feeding into Agency Roadmap – The final strategic goals were community-driven • NASA Strategic Roadmap – Goals and Strategic Objectives defined at Agency level (“top-down” process) – Each Strategic Objective has its own Roadmap Committee – Committee solicits input from community on how to achieve objectives

Legacy Universe Roadmap (now Universe Division Planning Document) • Congress mandates Agency roadmap every three years • In past, each Theme within the Office of Space Science produced its own roadmap, feeding into higher levels of roadmaps • Last year selected chairs for separate Origins and SEU Roadmaps • With dissolution of individual Themes, Anne Kinney decided to produce single, Universe Roadmap with two co-chairs • Will produce this roadmap in addition to newer Strategic Objective Roadmaps. • Previous roadmaps’ priorities not expected to change in this document. • Vision Missions, Origins Probes, white papers are inputs for farterm mission recommendations

Legacy Roadmap Team Members • All members of the OS and SEUS are considered members of the Legacy Roadmap Team (now Universe Division Planning Document) • Within this membership a core team of writers has been assigned • Roadmap Team also has members from outside community Adam Burrows Andrew Blain Geoff Blake George Rieke Michael Meyer Jamie Bock Joel Bregman Jack Hughes Stephen Unwin Alycia Weinberger Tom Greene Jim Green Vikki Meadows David Weinberg Colin Norman Harry Ferguson Wes Traub David Spergel Michael Devirian Michael Greene Doug Richstone Mike Cherry Brenda Dingus Sam Finn Louis Barber Craig Hogan Mike Hauser Mike Shara Sally Heap Jim Ulvestad Kathryn Flanagan Lee Mundy Ned Wright Alan Dressler Jim Breckinridge Michael Salamon Eric Smith

What Powered the Big Bang? What Happens at the Edge of a Black Hole? What is the Dark Energy Pulling the Universe Apart? Where Do the Elements of Life Come From? Where do Planets Come From? Are There Other Habitable Worlds?

NASA Strategic Roadmapping • Agency charged the Advanced Planning and Integration Office (APIO, headed by JPL’s Charles Elachi) to produce integrated plan for NASA covering next 30 years • 5 Agency-defined goals --> 13 Agency-defined Strategic Objectives--> 13 Strategic Roadmap Committees • 15 Capability Roadmap Committees are simultaneously producing technology/capability roadmaps • 13 SR’s and 15 CR’s will be woven (warp and weave) into a single Agency Plan document, the Integrated Space Architecture. • Integration process is complex and still being developed

NASA Strategic Goals and Objectives (1 of 2) Goal 1 Implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore the solar system and beyond 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Undertake robotic and human lunar exploration. . . Conduct robotic exploration of Mars. . . Conduct robotic exploration across the solar system. . . Conduct advanced telescope searches for Earth-like planets. . . Explore the Universe. . . Goal 2 Extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations 1. Return the Space Shuttle to flight and focus its use on completion of the ISS, complete assembly of the ISS, and. . . 2. Develop a new crew exploration vehicle. . . 3. Focus research and use of the ISS. . . 4. Conduct the first extended human expedition to the lunar surface. . . 5. Conduct human expeditions to Mars. . .

NASA Strategic Goals and Objectives (2 of 2) Goal 3 Develop innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructure both to explore and to support decisions about the destinations for human exploration 1. 2. 3. Develop and demonstrate. . . key capabilities. . . Provide advanced aeronautical technologies. . . Use NASA missions and other activities to inspire and motivate. . . Goal 4 Promote international and commercial participation in exploration to further U. S. scientific, security, and economic interests 1. 2. 3. Pursue opportunities for international participation. . . Pursue commercial opportunities. . . Use NASA missions and other activities to inspire and motivate. . . Goal 5 Study the Earth system from space and develop new space-based and related capabilities for this purpose 1. 2. Conduct a program of research and technology development to advance Earth observation. . . Explore the Earth-Sun system. . .

Strategic Objectives (1 of 2) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Undertake robotic and human exploration of the Moon to further science, and to develop and test new approaches, technologies, and systems to enable and support sustained human and robotic exploration of Mars and more distant destinations. First robotic mission no later than 2008. (Goal 1, Objective 1) Conduct the first extended human expedition to the lunar surface as early as 2015, but no later than the year 2020. (2 -4) Conduct robotic exploration of Mars to search for evidence of life, to understand the history of the solar system, and to prepare for future human exploration. (1 -2) Conduct human expeditions to Mars after acquiring adequate knowledge about the planet using robotic missions, and after successfully demonstrating sustained human exploration missions to the Moon. (2 -5) Conduct robotic exploration across the solar system for scientific purposes and to support human exploration. In particular, explore Jupiter’s moons, asteroids, and other bodies to search for evidence of life, to understand the history of the solar system, and to search for resources. (1 -3) Conduct advanced telescope searches for Earth-like planets and habitable environments around other stars. (1 -4) Develop a new crew exploration vehicle to provide crew transportation for missions beyond low Earth orbit. First test flight to be by the end of this decade with operational capability for human exploration no later than 2014. (2 -2) Focus research and use of the International Space Station on supporting space exploration goals, with emphasis on understanding how the space environment affects human health and capabilities, and developing countermeasures. (2 -3)

Strategic Objectives (2 of 2) 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Return the Space Shuttle to flight and focus its use on completion of the International Space Station (ISS), complete assembly of the ISS, and retire the Shuttle as soon as assembly of the ISS is completed, planned for the end of this decade. Conduct ISS activities consistent with U. S. obligations to Station partners. (2 -1) Explore the Universe to understand its origin, structure, evolution, and destiny. (1 -5) Conduct a program of research and technology development to advance Earth observation from space, improve scientific understanding, and demonstrate new technologies with the potential to improve future operational systems. (5 -1) Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the Sun and its effects on Earth, the solar system, and the space environmental conditions that will be experienced by human explorers, and demonstrate technologies that can improve future operational Earth observation systems. (5 -2) Provide advanced aeronautical technologies to meet the challenges of next-generation systems in aviation, for civilian and scientific purposes, in our atmosphere and in the atmospheres of other worlds. (3 -2) Use NASA missions and other activities to inspire and motivate the nation’s students and teachers, to engage and educate the public, and to advance the scientific and technological capabilities of the nation. (3 -3) (4 -3) Develop a comprehensive national plan for utilization of nuclear systems for the advancement of space science and exploration.

Strategic Roadmap Definition • Strategic Roadmap: A coordinated and comprehensive longitudinal strategy, with key achievements, options, and decision points identified, that provides a foundation for NASA’s long-term priorities and investments • There will be a roadmap for each Agency-level Objective – 13 roadmaps respond to 13 objectives – Consistent contents and structure to simplify integration • NASA is also developing a set of 15 “Capability Roadmaps” – Based on Aldridge Commission recommendations – Iterate to ensure consistency with Strategic Roadmaps as they develop

Strategic Roadmaps Roadmap Tri - Chairs Directorate Center External Steidle/Readdy Howell T. Stafford Diaz Elachi T. Young Figueroa Hubbard J. Lunine Asrar Bleichman A. Burrows 5. Develop an exploration transportation system Steidle Kennedy C. Bolden 6. Complete assembly of the International Space Station and focus utilization Uhran Cabana T. Betterton Deferred* 8. Explore the origin, evolution, structure, and destiny of the Universe Kinney White K. Flanagan 9. Determine how living Earth system is affected by internal dynamics, and understand implications for life Figueroa Evans C. Kennel 10. Explore Sun-Earth system to understand effects on Earth and implications for human exploration Diaz Einaudi T. Killeen 11. Transform air transportation and enable the next generation of atmospheric vehicles Hertz N/A J. Jamieson 12. Educate students and public, and expand national technical skills and capabilities Loston Earls F. Cordova 13. Comprehensive national plan for utilization of nuclear systems Steidle Scolese J. Ahearne 1. Robotic and human lunar expeditions 2. Sustained, long-term robotic and human exploration of Mars 3. Sustained program of solar system exploration 4. Advanced telescope searches for Earth-like planets and habitable environments 7. Safely transition from Space Shuttle to new exploration-focused launch systems* = Do. D Participation * Leverages off Integrated Space Operations Summit, (ISOS) process until RTF

Capability Roadmap – A coordinated and comprehensive strategy that articulates technical and programmatic solutions for provision of a required major capability Capability NASA chair External chair Coordinators Directorate APIO 2. ) High-energy power and propulsion J. Nainiger (GRC) Tom Hughes (Penn State University) Overall – B. Park Technical – R. Taylor P. Bankston (JPL) 3. ) In-space transportation P. Mc. Connaughey (MSFC) Col. Joe Boyles (US Air Force SMC) Overall – B. Park Technical – G. Lyles T. Inman (MSFC) 4. ) Advanced telescopes and observatories L. Feinberg (GSFC) Howard Mac. Ewan (NRO) H. Thronson D. Coulter (JPL) 5. ) Communication and Navigation R. Spearing Academic T. Cremins M. Gates S. Mecherle (Innocept) 6. ) Robotic access to planetary surfaces M. Adler (JPL) Robert Braun (Georgia Tech) H. Thronson C. Ruoff (JPL) 7. ) Human planetary landing systems R. Manning (JPL) Harrison Schmitt Overall – B. Park Technical – J. Trosper R. Mueller (KSC) 8. ) Human health and support systems D. Grounds (JSC) Al Boehm (Retired, Hamilton. Sunstrand) Overall – B. Park Technical – G. Trinh J. Aikins (ARC) 9. ) Human exploration systems and mobility C. Culbert (JSC) Jeff Taylor Overall – B. Park Technical – J. Mankins T. Inman (MSFC) 10. ) Autonomous systems and robotics S. Zornetzer (ARC) Doug Gage (DARPA retired) H. Thronson J. Aikins (ARC) 11. ) Transformational spaceport/range K. Poniatowski (HQ) General Jimmy Morrell T. Cremins, M. Gates D. Skelly (KSC) 12. ) Scientific instruments/sensors R. Barney (GSFC) Maria Zuber (MIT) H. Thronson P. Bankston (JPL) 13. ) In situ resource utilization J. Sanders (JSC) Mike Duke (Colorado School of Mines) Overall – B. Park Technical – J. Mankins R. Mueller (KSC) 14. ) Advanced modeling, simulation, analysis E. Antonsson (JPL) Dr. Warren Washington (NCAR) H. Thronson J. Aikins (ARC) 15. ) Systems engineering cost/risk analysis S. Cavanaugh (La. RC) Dr. Alan Wilhite/ Georgia Institute of Technology Overall – B. Park Technical – V. Hwa V. Regenie (DFRC) 16. ) Nanotechnology M. Hirschbein (HQ) Minoo Dastoor Dimitris Lagoudas (Texas A&M) H. Thronson J. Crooke (GSFC)

Universe Division Strategic Roadmapping Advanced Telescope Searches Exploration of the Universe: for Earth-like Planets Origin, Structure, Evolution, Destiny Co-Chairs Co-Leads A. Kinney M. Salamon B. N. White R. Capps C. K. Flanagan Jan 25 @ DC K. Flanagan, Chair “SEU” Roadmap team Co-Chairs Co-Leads G. Asrar E. Smith C. Beichman R. Capps A. Burrows Feb 15 @ Tucson A. Burrows, Chair “Origins” Roadmap team

Search for Earth-like Planets Strategic Roadmap Committee

Understand the Origin, Evolution, Structure and Destiny of the Universe Co-Chairs: Anne Kinney Kathy Flanagan Nick White Academic Members: Craig Hogan Sterl Phinney Rene Ong Steve Kahn Michael Shull Industry Members: Ron Polidan Bob Stern Affiliates: Louis Barbier Roy Gould Directorate Coordinator: Michael Salamon APIO Coordinator: Rich Capps (JPL) NASA/Government Members: Chuck Bennett (GSFC) Michael Turner (NSF) Jacob van Zyl (JPL)

SR Committee Charter (for SRC 8, Understanding the Universe) • 1. The Committee shall draw on the expertise of its members and other sources to provide advice and recommendations to NASA on exploring our Universe to understand its origin, structure, evolution, and destiny. Recommendations, to be provided by the Committee, will help guide Agency program prioritization, budget formulation, facilities and human capital planning, and technology investment. • 2. The Committee shall function solely as an advisory body and will comply fully with the provisions of the FACA. • 3. The Committee reports to the Associate Deputy Administrator for Systems Integration (ADA-SI) and to the Administrator.

Essential Roadmap Elements • Broad science and exploration goals, priorities, recommended activities or investigations, and a summary of anticipated discoveries and achievements • Suggested implementation approach and mission sets • High-level milestones, options, and decision points • Key dependencies on and relationships to other Strategic Roadmaps • Identification of required capabilities, facilities, human capital, and infrastructure

Purpose of Roadmapping • Purpose of roadmapping is to support creation of the NASA Integrated Strategic Architecture (ISA) • Strategic and Capability Roadmaps are to be integrated into this single, self-consistent multi-decade plan for the Agency • This integration takes into account projected constraints of – – Budget Technology Programmatics (e. g. , institutional and external capabilities) Environmental factors • The ISA is presented to, and ultimately owned by, the Strategic Planning Council • The ISA will be the benchmark for Agency budget request and resource allocation decisions

Strategic Planning Paradigm Nation’s Vision Old vs. New Congress Public Agency NASA Strategic Plan Budgets, Initiatives OSTP OMB Educators AGENCY Strategic Architecture Budgets, Initiatives, NASA Strategic Plan Roadmap Development & Integration Exploration Students Office of Education OSMA ENTERPRISES Enterprise Strategy Science Operations Advanced Planning Activities Enterprise 1 Enterprise 2 Mission Directorates Aeronautics Mission Support Offices

Integration Challenges • Achieving this goal will be tough – Each roadmap is different, and there are 13 of them – The Capabilities Roadmaps are being developed in parallel with the Strategic Roadmaps – Many and varied relationships among the Strategic and Capability Roadmaps – Cross-talk between the Strategic Roadmaps, and between the Directorates on a given Roadmap – Overlap between some Strategic and Capabilities Roadmaps – The schedule is tight! • Structure and contents of the roadmaps are being planned to permit integration: post hoc won’t work

NRC Review NRC will review the individual roadmaps as they near completion • • Clear and comprehensive support to the 2005 Agency Objectives, including the objectives of the Vision for Space Exploration and the 2003 NASA Vision and Mission statements? Significant gaps? Intrinsic merit of the derived objectives and merit of proposed implementing programs in the context of relevant NRC or other external advisory reports? Resilience with respect to changing technological capabilities and budgets and agility to take advantage of unforeseen opportunities? Important crosscutting opportunities not identified or adequately developed? Clear initial priorities and decision rules for making prioritization decisions as implementation proceeds? Realism with respect to necessary resources, technologies, and facilities? Presentation of roles and relationships of NASA centers, other federal partners, academia, industry, and international participants? Treatment of timelines, relationships between program elements, and schedule realism? Current plan: The NRC and/or the NASA Advisory Council will review the Integrated Space Architecture when completed

Current Schedule Key Milestone Target Dates SPC approval of planning August 2004 FACA charters in place December Complete committee formation December 2004/January 2005 Initial cttee meetings; integration begins January/February Mid-term status reviews March Drafts (PPT charts+notes) for internal review April 15 First synthesis workshop Late April Roadmaps submitted for NRC review June 1 Second synthesis workshop Late June NRC reviews complete August 1 Integrated Strategic Architecture complete October 1