The Universe Basic Terms Universe The Universe means

The Universe

Basic Terms Universe – The Universe means everything. Galaxy – A galaxy is a large “Island” of stars held together by gravity. Solar System – A Solar System is everything that orbits a Sun/Star.

Our galaxy Milky way Spiral Galaxy We are ¼ in from the edge

Basic Terms Star – A Star is a large ball of Hydrogen undergoing “nuclear Fusion” creating light and heat. Fusion – Forcing atoms together (fuse metal) Fission – Splitting an atom (soda fizz)

Which stars burn out faster, large or small? Large stars burn out faster then small stars because they use fuel faster. (Think a large car runs out of fuel quicker then a small car)

Constellations Constellation – A constellation is a group of stars that appear to make an image, used for: Direction, Calendar, Mapping the sky.

Basic Terms Planets – Planet – Large body orbiting a star, rounded by its own gravity and has cleared its own neighborhood. Dwarf Planets – Smaller planets not meeting the planet definition. Moon – Natural satellite of a planet (Most of our planets have moons)

Basic Terms Asteroids – Asteroids are large rocks orbiting a Star (Asteroid belt) Meteoroids – Smaller rocks orbiting the star. (also an oid) Meteors – Meteors are when meteoroids enter our atmosphere, they burn up and leave a streak of bright light behind. (shooting star) (meteor shower) Meteorite – A Meteorite is the rock left behind after a Meteor strike (like gran. ITE)

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=mxg. Ckyg. H 0 t. A

Basic Terms Comet – Comets are called Dirty snowballs. They are frozen rock and ice orbiting the Sun. When they are near the sun, the ice gets vaporized and leaves a tail behind. They gave us our oceans over time.

How it all began. How did the Universe Begin? The Big Bang About 14 BYA (Billion years ago) all matter was compressed into an area the size of an atom. A giant explosion sent everything outward, faster than the speed of light. (Inflation) The universe is born.

The Big Bang. Originally The universe was hot gas spreading out in all directions. The gas cooled and began to clump everything together like dust forming dust bunnies making stars. About 10 BYA our Galaxy formed. “The Milky Way” made of over 100 Billion Stars. We are only 1 of over 100 Billion Galaxies.

The Big Bang ~ 5 BYA a star by us explodes, sending elements out into space in a giant dust cloud which rotates counter clockwise. The dust clumps (asteroids) Asteroids clump into planets (studying them tells us what we are made of) Our Solar System is formed ~ 4. 6 BYA Our sun, planets, asteroids and comets are all the same age. (All going counter clockwise) ( only clocks and Venus rotation are clockwise)

Rule of 5’s How old is everything? Time can be remembered by the rule of 5’s Solar System ~ 5 BYA Galaxy ~ 10 BYA Universe ~15 BYA

Is the Universe expanding or shrinking? The Universe is expanding. Will it keep expanding? Some believe we will keep expanding. Other theories say in time we may freeze or recollapse possibly starting another Big Bang.

(R) How do we know the Universe is expanding? Which color has the longest wave length? Rainbows show us: Red is the longest wave length Blue / Violet is the shortest

(R) Stationary Galaxy Moving Away Galaxy Moving Closer

(R) Doppler Effect : Wavelengths moving closer get squished. (shift blue) Wavelengths moving apart get stretched out. (shift red) Almost all Galaxies shift Red showing they are moving apart

Evidence of the Big Bang (R) How do we know that if we rewind time the galaxies move together? 1) Knowing galaxies are moving away from each other we can rewind time to see them move back to 1 point.

(R) Which Galaxies are moving fastest? The ones closest to us or further from us? The farthest galaxies out in space are moving the fastest (like a race)

(R) What else do you notice when a bomb goes off? 2) Cosmic Background Radiation is the noise left from the Big Bang – Found throughout space.

(R) What does a bomb give off besides light and noise? 3) Temperature – All throughout space it is the same temperature. This happens because everything started at the same time and has cooled over the same amount of time.

The Big Bang http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=lh. TSf. OZUNLo

Order of the Planets What is the order of the Planets? Order of the Planets: My Very Excellent Mother Just Sent Us Nachos Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

The planets Terrestrial Planets – Terrestrial planets are Rocky planets terrain meaning land (ATV’s) Mercury, Venus, Earth , Mars

Mercury – God of Speed Mercury – Mercury 1– Closest planet to the sun Fastest revolution Shortest year

Venus – Goddess of Beauty Venus – Venus 2 called Earths Twin Sister. Similar AU, Size, etc. Problems – Thick clouds of CO 2 & Sulfur Hottest planet. (clouds are like a coat) Rains acid Crushing air pressure A day is longer than a Year

Earth - Home Earth – Earth 3 only planet with known: Running water Life Goldie Locks Zone

Mars – God of War Mars – Mars 4 – Similar to a cold Earth with Frozen water. Valleys show water once Flowed freely. Most likely will be the First colonized planet.

Asteroid Belt The Asteroid belt is made of large rocks Orbiting the sun between the rocky and gas planets. It probably should have turned into a planet, but the gravity from the sun and Jupiter keep pulling on them. It can’t clump.

The planets Jovian Planets – Jovian (Jupiter Like) Planets are The gas Giants.

Jupiter – King of the Gods Jupiter – Jupiter 5 – largest Planet Rotates fastest Shortest days. Great Red Spot (Massive Hurricane)

Saturn – Jupiter’s Dad Saturn – Saturn 6 – 1 st known rings. Less dense then H 20. Saturday

Uranus – God of the Sky Uranus – Uranus 7 – First planet discovered by using a telescope. Spins on its side. (Unicycle)

Neptune – God of the Sea Neptune – 8 Farthest Coldest Found by math

It continues……. What is after Neptune? After Neptune: Additional belts of Asteroids, Comets, Meteors & dwarf planets.