Smart Cert Blockchain based certificate and credential management

Smart. Cert Blockchain based certificate and credential management system

Agenda 01 02 Research Problem Research Solution 03 Research Gap 04 Challenging compeptitors

Agenda 01 02 Project overview Technologies and concepts

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Smart. Cert Research problem In the physical world, the concepts of signature and confidentiality are omnipresent: a confidential letter is sealed in an envelope, important documents are signed by hand it’s physical. This logic is not applicable in present because of increasing fraudulent activates. Certification is the document provide the proof about a person’s education, skills and other info. The current institutions/ academic system use a physical certification method which have many major disadvantages. As long as this physical method is in use it will cause many problems to the academic structure. • Creation of fraud certification • Fake signature signing. • Certificate verification process is highly time consuming process for all the local and aboard certificate owners. • There is no user privacy. • Storage issues. • No security mechanisms to protect user information. And etc. To address these kind of problems a digital based secure solution is needed.

Smart. Cert Research solution Smart. Cert certificate and credential management platform is next generation advance platform for issuing, storing and verifying of certificates and other academic credentials. To address these problems in current physical system we provide a digital blockchain solution. This platform is based on smart contract concept to achieve the conversion of physical certificate into digital certificate. Blockchain concept is used as decentralized architecture offering anonymity, longevity, integrity, transparency and immutability to the information. Multi-signature, hashing and crypto mechanisms are too used for secure, verify and authentication process. Scalable network provide adaptability to the platform to increase network performance over transactions.

Smart. Cert Research Gap Creation and issuing the certificates In the current certification system its based on paper material certificate and certificate creation is time consuming and money consuming process. Smart. Cert platform provide a digital format of a certificate with the use of smart contract concept which saves the time, money. Securing the certificates In current system there is no such way to secure the certificates as they are in physical format. After issuing the certificate, the owner of the certificate should have the full responsibility to secure their documents. In our platform owner do not have to worry about the security and the availability of the certificate because we use blockchain to store the certificate in digital form and always available when the user needed.

Smart. Cert Research Gap Various types of verification approaches In current certificate issuing validation and verification systems contains highly time consuming processes because they are manual and involve human interaction. This platform uses the blockchain technology and various verification concepts to reduce the time consuming by converting traditional paper based certificate in to digital form. Authentication the certificates In current system most of the organizations does not have efficient way to authenticate the certificate instantly. Because the authenticate process should go through several stages for verification processes. The way of authentication is efficient in our platform than paper based authentication. Because in blockchain technology authentication mechanisms are already exist.

Smart. Cert Challenging competitors

Smart. Cert Challenging competitors

Smart. Cert Overview of the project

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts Blockchain Implementation Throughout the current academic system there are many problems when it comes to how to handle data. Such issues are standardization of data, storage location, safety and how to filter data, analyse and securely share such data. For overcome these kind of problems our Smart. Cert takes the advantages of Decentralized, distributed, database and ledger used in blockchain in order to create a trusted and secure certificates and credential management system. Physical Transaction – Fail due to forgeries of tokens, easy to cheat, No ledger to keep track of transactions Decentralized Ledger - Successful due to all the participants have copy of same ledger, difficult to cheat, Forgery won’t work

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts Blockchain gives advantages in different ways Trust — Blockchain helps in creating applications that are decentralized and collectively owned by multiple people. No body within this group has the power to change or delete previous transactions. Even if someone tries to do so, it will not be accepted by other stakeholders. Autonomy — There is no single owner for Blockchain based applications. No one controls the blockchain, but everyone participates into its activities. This helps in creating solutions that cannot be manipulated or induce corruption. Integrity — The state and transactions are secured cryptographically and cannot be modified easily. Traceability -The format of Blockchain designs in such a way that it can easily locate any problem and correct if there is any. It also creates an irreversible audit trail. Security - Blockchain technology is highly secure because of the reason each and every individual who enters into the Blockchain network is provided with a unique identity which is linked to his account. This ensures that the owner of the account himself is operating the transactions. The block encryption in the chain makes it tougher for any hacker to disturb the traditional setup of the chain

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts Blockchain: What are nodes and master nodes? • Nodes and master nodes are critical component of a blockchain’s infrastructure. Without nodes, a blockchain’s data would not be accessible. Nodes can be any kind of device (mostly computers, laptops or even bigger servers). Nodes form the infrastructure of a blockchain. • All nodes on a blockchain are connected to each other and they constantly exchange the latest blockchain data with each other so all nodes stay up to date. They store, spread and preserve the blockchain data, so theoretically a blockchain exists on nodes. • A full node is basically a device (like a computer) that contains a full copy of the transaction history of the blockchain. • In our platform we define human nodes as lectures and academic staff members to taken as the node operators. Nodes can be Configured and secured. What do nodes do? • Nodes check if a block of transactions is valid and accept or reject it. • Nodes save and store blocks of transactions (storing blockchain transaction history). • Nodes broadcast and spread this transaction history to other nodes that may need to synchronize with the blockchain (need to be updated on transaction history).

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts Block chain and block content The block header and its content How are Blocks related to each other

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts Smart Contract Conversion What is Smart contract A smart contract is “a digital contract that is written in source code and executed by computers, which integrates the tamper-proof mechanism of blockchain”. Smart contracts can be created using the Ethereum blockchain.

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts How to create Smart contract The high-level programming languages used for writing smart contracts are mainly Solidity is similar to Java. Script. After a Solidity-programmed smart contract is completed, a complier called solc is required to transform the Solidity code into contract byte code. is then interpreted by the EVM. Next, the compiled instructions are deployed in an Ethereum blockchain. Factory Contract A factory contract is smart contract that creates other smart contract. It's also a good way to keep of a collection of contract. Certificate contracts A certificate contract is a smart contract that store details of degree certificate.

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts 1. Univercity grant a degree certificate and enter the student’s data into the system. Next, the system automatically records the serial number of the student in a blockchain. 2. The certificate system verifies all the data. 3. Instead of sending conventional hard copies, schools grant e-certificates containing a QR code to the graduates whose data have been successfully verified. Each graduate also receives an inquiry number and electronic file of their certificate. 4. When applying for a job, a graduate simply sends the serial number or e-certificate with a QR code to the target companies. 5. The companies send inquiries to the system and are informed if the serial numbers are validated. The QR code enables them to recognize if the certificate has been tampered with or forged.

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts Authentication , verification and validation Existing verification methods do not guarantee records that are not sealed, secured, tamper proofed, and authenticated. Ownership – Certificates are awarded to and are owned by individuals. However, the issuing authority still needs to reissue or authenticate certificates. The certificate ownership does not automatically appertain to the individuals. Availability – Physical documents may be lost or damaged. Hence, individuals who lose them cannot readily obtain duplicates. Moreover, records cannot be retrieved if the issuing authority stops its operation. Dependency on third-party agencies – Many organizations depend on third-party verification agencies to contact issuing authorities and verify document authenticity. Time consumption – The process is time-consuming. The speed of verification depends on the response time of issuing authorities and their location. Cost – Verification and notarization are costly. A fee is charged for each verified document

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts Basic flow of verification process

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts A Merkle tree is a structure that allows for efficient and secure verification of content in a large body of data. This structure helps verify the consistency and content of the data. A Merkle tree summarizes all the transactions in a block by producing a digital fingerprint of the entire set of transactions, thereby enabling a user to verify whether or not a transaction is included in a block. All of the data in the related transactions are stored in the block header. Basic structure of the Merkle tree

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts Implementation of network in scalable manner In the practical scenario in order to carry out the expected processes of certificate management system with the collaboration of block chain we need to implement a system which will be able to scale the network according to increasing traffic. That means the system should be able to handle the increasing throughput of the system. Otherwise the system won’t be able to function properly when the network traffic is at peak level. Comparison between scalability solutions base on scaling technology 1 st layer solutions In the 1 st layer solutions the scalability is achieved by directly making changes to codebase of the blockchain. This is done by improving basic core features of the blockchain. But this scalability has to achieved by sacrificing one of the top two components of blockchain namely Decentralization security. This trade of is not worthy as it diminish the reason for selecting blockchain for our system in the 1 st place.

Smart. Cert Technologies and concepts 2 nd layer solutions In the 2 nd layer solutions scalability is achieved by building a secondary protocol on top of the main blockchain. This will allow to save space and reduce network congestion in the main blockchain. This is a viable solution for scaling as this will allow to keep all then properties of the blockchain intact together with the scalability. If you are expecting very high amount of traffic(1000000+ TPS) this is the best solution, although implementation include very complex process. Eg- plasma and raiden for Ethereum.

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