SKELETAL SYSTEM Chapter 3 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM Chapter 3

FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM Provide framework for the body Protect & support the internal organs Joints help to provide for body movement Calcium is stored in bones Red bone marrow helps form blood.

SKELETAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS The skeletal system includes bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, and bursa Bones are made of connective tissue. Bone is almost the hardest tissue in the body

STRUCTURE OF BONES The Structure of Bones are made up of tissue, bone marrow, and cartilage (Figure 3. 1, p. 39) www. taleghanihospital. ir/. . . /BMT/Bone. Marrow. gif Tissues include: include See Table 3. 1 (p. 38) Peri /oste /um – outermost covering of bone Compact bone – strong outer layer of bone Spongy bone – found inside and at the ends of bones; red bone marrow located here Medullary Cavity – shaft of long bone, surrounded by compact bone; contains yellow bone marrow

STRUCTURE OF BONES CONT’D. Bone Marrow Red bone marrow – located within spongy bone, manufactures products that help form blood cells. Yellow bone marrow – located in medullary cavity; made of fat cells, serves as fat storage area Cartilage Smooth rubbery substance that acts as a shock absorber between bones Articular cartilage – covers surface of bones that form joints Meniscus – rounded cartilage (ex. knee) www. straightfromthedoc. com/50226711/knee. jpg

STRUCTURE OF BONES CONT’D. Anatomical Landmarks of a Bone Diaphysis – shaft of long bone Epiphysis – wide end of long bone Proximal epiphysis – end of bone closest to midline of body Distal epiphysis – end of bone farthest from midline of body Foramen – opening in a bone for blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments Process – projection on the surface of a bone that serves as attachments for muscles and tendons

JOINTS Joints – connections between bones Types of Joints Suture – forms a joint between two bones that do not move (ex. - skull) Symphysis – two bones are held firmly together and act as one bone (ex. – symphysis pubis) Synovial – movable joints in the body (ex. – ball and socket and hinge joints) apps. uwhealth. org/. . . /images/en/19903. jpg

STRUCTURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS Turn to p. 40, Figures 3. 4 and 3. 5 Ligaments – connects bone to bone Synovial membrane and fluid – synovial joints are surrounded by a capsule and are lined with a membrane. Synovial membrane secretes a fluid that acts as a lubricant. Bursa – a sac, lined with a synovial membrane and also contains synovial fluid. Found in areas where a tendon passes over a bone (ex. knee)

Structures of Synovial Joints (cont’d)

BONES OF THE SKULL Please turn to p. 43, Figures 3. 9 and 3. 10 Major bones of the skull include: Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid

BONES OF THE FACE Major bones of the face include: Zygomatic Maxilla Lacrimal Vomer Mandible Nasal

BONES OF THE CHEST Turn to p. 41, figure 3. 7 Ribs (12 pair) Sternum Xyphoid process Clavicle Scapula

BONES OF THE UPPER BODY Turn to p. 44, figures 3. 11 and 3. 12 Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

BONES OF THE SPINAL COLUMN Turn to p. 45, figure 3. 14 Cervical vertebra (1 -7) Thoracic vertebra (1 -12) Lumbar vertebra (1 -5) Sacrum Coccyx

BONES OF THE PELVIS Turn to p. 46, figure 3. 15 Ilium Ischium Pubis

BONES OF THE LOWER BODY Turn to p. 47, figure 3. 17 Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges http: //images. encarta. msn. com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/000 f 09 d 2. gif

MEDICAL SPECIALTIES Detailed information can be found on pages 47 -48: Chiropractor Orthopedic surgeon Orthotist Osteopathic MD Podiatrist Rheumatologist