SHIPPING MARKET kefvinmustikalukmanarief Shipping Market The international shipping

SHIPPING MARKET kefvinmustikalukmanarief

Shipping Market • The international shipping industry can be divided into four closely related shipping markets, each trading in a different commodity: the freight market, the sale and purchase market, the newbuilding market and the demolition market. These four markets are linked by cash flow and push the market traders in the direction they want. • Industri perkapalan internasional dapat dibagi menjadi empat pasar pelayaran yang terkait erat, masing-masing melakukan perdagangan dalam komoditas yang berbeda: pasar pengangkutan, pasar penjualan dan pembelian, pasar pengembangan baru dan pasar pembongkaran. Keempat pasar ini dihubungkan oleh arus kas dan mendorong pedagang pasar ke arah yang mereka inginkan.

THE FREIGHT MARKET • The freight market consists of shipowners, charterers and brokers. They use four types of contractual arrangements: the voyage charter, the contract of affreightment, the time charter and the bareboat charter. Shipowners contract to carry cargo for an agreed price per tonne while the charter market hires out ships for a certain period. A charter is legally agreed upon in a charterparty in which the terms of the deal are clearly set out.

. • Pasar barang terdiri dari pemilik kapal, piagam dan pialang. Mereka menggunakan empat jenis pengaturan kontrak: piagam pelayaran, kontrak affreightment, piagam waktu dan piagam bareboat. Kontrak pemilik kapal membawa muatan dengan harga yang disepakati per ton sementara pasar piagam menyewa kapal untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Piagam disetujui secara hukum dalam sebuah piagam-partai di mana persyaratan kesepakatan tersebut ditetapkan dengan jelas.

FREIGHT DERIVATIVE • Freight derivatives, which includes Forward Freight Agreement (FFA), container freight swap agreements, container freight derivatives, physical-deliverable freight derivatives, and options based on these, are financial instruments for trading in future levels of freight rates, for dry bulk carriers, tankers and containerships. These instruments are settled against various freight rate indices published by the Baltic Exchange (for Dry and most Wet contracts), Shanghai Shipping Exchange (International and domestic Dry Bulk, and International Containers), and Platt's (Asian Wet contracts), or physical delivered through Shanghai Shipping Freight Exchange.

. • Derivatif pengangkutan, yang mencakup Forward Freight Agreement (FFA), perjanjian swap barang kontainer, turunan kargo kontainer, turunan pengiriman barang secara fisik, dan opsi berdasarkan instrumen keuangan ini untuk diperdagangkan pada tingkat tarif pengangkutan di masa depan, untuk kapal pengangkut curah kering, kapal tanker dan kontainer. Instrumen ini diselesaikan terhadap berbagai indeks tarif pengiriman yang diterbitkan oleh Bursa Baltik (untuk kontrak Dry and most Wet), Shanghai Shipping Exchange (Bulk Kering Internasional dan dalam negeri, dan International Containers), dan kontrak Platt (Asian Wet), atau pengiriman fisik melalui Shanghai Shipping Freight Exchange.

. • FFAs are often traded over-the-counter, through broker members of the Forward Freight Agreement Brokers Association (FFABA), such as Clarkson's Securities, Marex Spectron, SSY - Simpson Spence Young, Braemar Seascope LTD, Ifchor, Freight Investor Services, BGC Partners, GFI Group, ACM Shipping Ltd, BRS, Tradition-Platou and ICAP. However, screen-based trading is becoming more popular[citation needed], through various screens. Trades can be given up for clearing by the broker to one of the clearing houses that support such trades, or be executed in integrated electronic exchange. There are five clearing houses for freight: NOS Clearing/NASDAQ OMX, LCH. Clearnet, CME Clearport, ICE Futures Europe and SGX, and one electronic exchange: Shanghai Shipping Freight Exchange. Freight derivatives are primarily used by shipowners and operators, oil companies, trading companies, and grain houses as tools for managing freight rate risk. Recently, with commodities standing at the forefront of international economics, the large financial trading houses, including banks and hedge funds, have entered the market.

. • FFA sering diperdagangkan over-the-counter, melalui anggota broker dari Forward Freight Agreement Brokers Association (FFABA), seperti Securities Clarkson, Marex Spectron, SSY - Simpson Spence Young, Braemar Seascope LTD, Ifchor, Freight Investor Services, BGC Partners , GFI Group, ACM Shipping Ltd, BRS, Tradition-Platou dan ICAP. Namun, perdagangan berbasis layar semakin populer [rujukan? ], Melalui berbagai layar. Perdagangan dapat diberikan untuk kliring oleh broker ke salah satu rumah kliring yang mendukung perdagangan semacam itu, atau dieksekusi dalam pertukaran elektronik terpadu. Ada lima rumah kliring untuk pengiriman: NOS Clearing / NASDAQ OMX, LCH. Clearnet, CME Clearport, ICE Futures Europe dan SGX, dan satu electronic exchange: Shanghai Shipping Freight Exchange. Derivatif kargo terutama digunakan oleh pemilik kapal dan operator, perusahaan minyak, perusahaan dagang, dan rumah gabah sebagai alat untuk mengelola risiko tingkat pengangkutan. Baru-baru ini, dengan komoditas yang berada di garis depan ekonomi internasional, rumah perdagangan keuangan besar, termasuk bank dan hedge fund, telah memasuki pasar.

THE SALE AND PURCHASE MARKET • In the sale and purchase market, second-hand ships are traded between shipowners. The administrative procedures used are roughly the same as in the real-estate business, using a standard contract. Trading ships is an important source of revenue for shipowners, as the prices are very volatile. The second hand value of ships depends on freight rates, age, inflation and expectations.

. • Di pasar penjualan dan beli, kapal bekas diperdagangkan antara pemilik kapal. Prosedur administrasi yang digunakan kira-kira sama dengan bisnis real estat, dengan menggunakan kontrak standar. Kapal dagang merupakan sumber pendapatan penting bagi pemilik kapal, karena harganya sangat fluktuatif. Nilai kedua kapal tergantung pada tingkat pengangkutan, umur, inflasi dan ekspektasi.

THE SHIP BUILDING MARKET • The newbuilding market deals with transactions between shipowners and shipbuilders. Contract negotiation can be very complex and extend beyond price. They also cover ship specifications, delivery date, stage payments and finance. The prices on the newbuilding market are very volatile and sometimes follow the prices on the sale and purchase market.

. • Pasar newbuilding menangani transaksi antara pemilik kapal dan pembuat kapal. Negosiasi kontrak bisa sangat rumit dan melampaui harga. Mereka juga mencakup spesifikasi kapal, tanggal pengiriman, pembayaran panggung dan keuangan. Harga di pasar newbuilding sangat fluktuatif dan terkadang mengikuti harga jual beli pasar.

THE DEMOLITION MARKET • On the demolition market ships are sold for scrap. The transactions happen between shipowners and demolition merchants, often with speculators acting as intermediaries. • Pada kapal pembongkaran kapal dijual untuk memo. Transaksi terjadi antara pemilik kapal dan pedagang pembongkaran, seringkali dengan spekulan bertindak sebagai perantara.