Reticulated Science Steven C Hayes University of Nevada

Reticulated Science Steven C. Hayes, University of Nevada

The Purpose of ACBS Creating a psychology more adequate to the challenge of the human condition

Where CBS Started: Behavior Analysis Philosophical clarity Basic principles from the lab Inductive extensions using functional analysis Time series designs evaluating extensions

Why That is Not Enough What do you do when you hit a wall? GU AGE LAN NIN TION COG NI E LAN GU AGE G NI TION COG U AGE LAN GU NI TION COG NI TION AGE LAN GU AGE LAN N N COG LAN GU NI

The CBS Strategy Rearrange the relation between applied and basic psychology

You Cannot Turn This Over to Someone Else The CBS approach: Applied and basic psychologists need to take responsibility for each other and for the field as a whole

30 0 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ACT in Silence 35 RCTs on ACT by Year 25 20 15 10 5

Its Not Bottom Up vs Top Down It’s reticulated development versus silos

Context Theory of Cognition Manipulable variables linked to actions of importance This is controlled by history and context 1. Mutual Entailment Limoo Betrang 2. Combinatorial Entailment

Functions salivation Manipulable variables linked to actions of importance bumpy lemonade This is controlled by history and context sour yellow citrus 3. Transformation of Functions salivation bumpy lemonade Betrang citrus sour yellow

A Classic Example all Parents Know A child learns that a nickel is “smaller than” a dime 5 10 And thus that a dime is “bigger than” a nickel & is worth more 5 10 Good good If 5 then 10

Our Fence-Post Dumb Behavioral Idea • Maybe it is operant behavior • View it as a contextual controlled relational response, based originally on multiple exemplar training

It Can Be Trained Berens and Hayes, JABA, 2008

It Makes a Difference Given A < B < C; Shocks to B Dougher et al. , JEAB, 2007

The Applied Basic Gambit Found a New Way Forward Expand Behavioral Principles to Account for Human Language and Cognition: Relational Frame Theory

Liberalized Language Practitioners need middle level terms. These needs to be linked to basic principles and integrated into models and theories.

Probability of Avoidance “Don’t Think “Bear” Earlier 100% Remove “Bear” UNRELATED GEEDER (C) 50% BEAR UNRELATED BEAR 50% GEEDER (C) 100%

Expectations of Depressives Mean D-IRAP Score ms Liv Kosness, Louise A. Mc. Hugh, Jo Saunders & Robert Whelan 0, 33 0, 28 0, 23 0, 18 0, 13 0, 08 0, 03 -0, 02 High BDI -0, 07 Low BDI -0, 12 Pos. D -0, 023 0, 3 Neg. D -0, 116 0, 041

IAT versus IRAP Sarah Roddy, Ian Stewart & Dermot Barnes-Holmes Relation to behavioral intentions R 2 Above Explicit Anti-Fat Attitudes R 2 Above Feelings toward Fat People. 1 . 05 IRAP IAT . 05 IAT IRAP . 1

Example Jared Chase dissertation 3 Group RCT: Wait list, Goal-Setting, Values plus Goal-Setting Adjusted Cumulative GPA Now add: Values plus Goal Setting 3. 2 Values plus Goal Setting (N = 51) 3. 15 Goal Setting Alone (N = 48) 3. 1 Wait list (N = 33) Psych Majors Not in Study (N = 447) 3. 05 Beginning Spring 2009 End Fall 2009

Deictic Frames YOU HERE NOW I THEN THERE

Perspective Taking Self-as-context

Figure 6. Within subject analysis for Abu. Multiple baseline across levels of Complexity includes data series for each deictic relational frame. The lower panel represents Theory of Mind probe percentages.

Relation of Deictic Framing to Theory of Mind Performance

Roger Vilardaga, Ana Estévez, Michael E. Levin and Steven C. Hayes For Example: Caring About Being With Others Perspective Taking Joy Now/Then I/You Here/There Experiential Avoidance Empathy - Sadness -- Repertoire Narrowing + Social Anhedonia

R 2 Step 1 Gender Age Step 2 Gender Age Deictic ability Step 3 Gender Age Deictic ability Empathic concern Step 4 Gender Age Deictic ability Empathic concern Experiential Avoidance Social Anhedonia ∆F β . 036 1. 865 . 10* 6. 914 15* 5. 172 . 26** 14. 599 -. 17 -. 09 -. 13 -. 10 -. 26* -. 06 -. 04 -. 23* -. 02. 05 -. 18† -. 26*. 35**

Its Not Bottom Up vs Top Down It’s reticulated development versus silos