Reproductive Technologies Lesson 1 Reproductive Technologies 2 Artificial

Reproductive Technologies Lesson 1. Reproductive Technologies 2. Artificial Selection 3. Hybridization 4. Artificial Pollination 5. Artificial Insemination 6. In Vitro Fertilization 7. Cloning 8. Recombinant DNA 9. Concerns

Teach. With. Fergy Preview File Please enjoy this preview of your Student Version of the lesson. I’ve created this PDF for ease of viewing and to decrease the file size but of course, your lesson will be in Power. Point format. - Some slides appear blank because they have been removed. - Student versions have portions of the text removed which is given in the teacher version and appear as ______ - Other slides may have. . . on them, this represents writing that has been removed.

Reproductive Technologies • _____ • Currently: • • • . . . Selective breeding. . . . Artificial insemination • _____ • . . . • Recombinant DNA

Artificial Selection • Choosing individuals with specific traits to reproduce • _____ • . . .

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Corn has been artificially selected to produce large ears with large kernels

Artificial Selection • Pets • • _____ Cat breeds • • . . . _____ • Common ancestor of all dogs and wolves was a (now-extinct) species of wolf

Hybridization • _____ • . . . • E. g. , Savannah cat, mule, liger, pluot, sweet corn, Leyland cypress

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Artificial Pollination • • • . . . _____ Can be dusted on or brushed on _____. . .

Artificial Pollination • . . . • Can pollinate same flower (self-pollination) or another flower (cross-pollination) • _____

Artificial Insemination • Sperm collected from male • Collected sperm inserted into female’s uterus

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In Vitro Fertilization • • . . . _________ Embryo implanted into female’s uterus (either original egg donor or a different female)

In Vitro Fertilization • _____ • • Obtain livestock with desired traits Reproductive limitations in livestock • . . . • Human reproduction: reproductive limitations • _____

Cloning • . . . • Natural and artificial • Three types of artificial cloning • • • _________

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Cloning • . . . • • Remove fertilized egg _____ Embryos implanted into female Mimics natural formation of identical twins

Cloning • . . . • • _____ Nucleus removed • • • _____ Somatic (body) cell taken from another animal Egg cell (without nucleus) combined with somatic cell (with nucleus)

Cloning • . . . • • Egg cell now has DNA from an existing animal. . . After a few cycles, embryo implanted into female _____

Cloning • . . . • _____ • • Dolly the sheep – 1996 Zhong and Hua the macaques – 2018

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Cloning • . . . • Drawbacks • Difficult and inefficient • • • Organ defects Large birth weight _____ • • _________ Dolly lived to be only half the normal lifespan of sheep _____

Cloning • . . . • • Cloned embryo grown to provide embryonic stem cells _____ Used to understand treat disease Stem cells are undifferentiated • • _____ Two techniques • • SCNT Induced pluripotent stem cells

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Cloning • . . . • Replace diseased or damaged tissues/organs • • • _____ . . . Drawbacks • • _____ Sometimes accumulate dangerous mutations after 60 cell division cycles

Recombinant DNA • _____ • Combined DNA placed into another organism • _____ • . . . • Process • • • Isolate (cut out) DNA fragment with desired gene Insert DNA fragment into another organism’s DNA _____

Recombinant DNA • _____ • • . . . E. g. , some vaccines made from viral proteins produced in yeast cells that have been recombined with viral genes

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Concerns • _____. . . Therapeutic cloning by SCNT requires embryo destruction. . . • • E. g. , “GATTACA” • _____ • Reduced genetic diversity in agricultural products