Regional Groundwater Flow I Introduction A Diagram the

Regional Groundwater Flow

I. Introduction A. Diagram “ the water table is a subdued replica of the surface topography”

II. Groundwater Flow Patterns

II. Groundwater Flow Patterns GW Divide

II. Groundwater Flow Patterns GW Divide Hinge Line

II. Groundwater Flow Patterns Discharge Zone Recharge Zone GW Divide Hinge Line Discharge Zone

III. Piezometer Patterns

IV. Effects of Topography Toth systems of flow local intermediate regional

IV. Effects of Topography

IV. Effects of Topography

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones) A. Topography

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones) A. B. Topography Piezometer Trends

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones) A. B. C. Topography Piezometer Trends Hydrochemical Trends

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones) A. B. C. D. Topography Piezometer Trends Hydrochemical Trends Environmental Isotopes

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones) A. B. C. D. E. Topography Piezometer Trends Hydrochemical Trends Environmental Isotopes Soil, Vegetation and Land Surface Features

VI. Salt Water Encroachment A. The problem

VI. Salt Water Encroachment B. Possible Solutions 1. modification of pumping pattern

VI. Salt Water Encroachment B. Possible Solutions 2. artificial recharge

3. pumping troughs

4. freshwater ridge (injection barrier)

5. subsurface barrier

VI. Salt Water Encroachment B. Possible Solutions 1. modification of pumping pattern 2. artificial recharge 3. pumping troughs 4. freshwater ridge (injection barrier) 5. subsurface barrier

VI. Salt Water Encroachment C. Predicting the Intrusion Ghyben-Herzberg Principle z(x, y) = ρw * h(x, y) ρs - ρw

VI. Salt Water Encroachment C. Predicting the Intrusion Ghyben-Herzberg Principle z(x, y) = ρw * h(x, y) ρs - ρw If ρs = 1. 025; ρw = 1. 000 then z(x, y) = 40 h(x, y)