RECONSTRUCTION PoliticalEconomicSocialPhysical 1865 1876 How did the South

RECONSTRUCTION Political-Economic-Social-Physical 1865 -1876

How did the South have to be RECONSTRUCTED? ? n n n Southern states had to be reunited & rebuilt Give an EXAMPLE of each… Circle the ONE that RECONSTRUCTION WAS MOST ABOUT… PHYSICAL ECONOMICAL SOCIAL POLITICAL

-President Abraham Lincoln n Wanted to reunite the country quickly Did NOT want to punish the Southern states Assassinated on April 15, 1865 – six days after General Lee’s surrender

-President Andrew Johnson n Favored rapid & lenient Reconstruction n States must write a new constitution also Declared secession illegal n Abolished slavery n Could not repay outstanding Confederate debts n n The state’s representatives may then be seated in Congress and the state would be restored to the Union

RECONSTRUCTION Presidential Plan n Lenient on South n Put Southern state gov’ts under civilian control Congressional Plan n Punish the South Put Southern state gov’ts under military control in 5 districts Had to resubmit state constitutions & swear oath of allegiance to USA

Reconstruction Amendments • 13 th Amendment – Granted freedom to all African Americans • 14 th Amendment – Granted citizenship to all African Americans. • 15 th Amendment – Granted the right to vote (suffrage)to all African American males. The common purpose of Reconstruction Amendments was to grant CIVIL rights to African Americans

Reconstruction ? s TIME TO THINK… (Answer on your paper) 1. How did Andrew Johnson become President? 2. Write the plan that was easy on the SOUTH. 3. Write the plan that set up 5 military districts in the SOUTH. 4. Identify the following amendments to the U. S. Constitution 1. 2. 3. 13 th - _________________ 14 th - _________________ 15 th - _________________ 5. Prediction – what will life be like for Freedmen?

Freedmen’s Bureau • Government Agency that helped FREED SLAVES with: • • Provided food, clothing, medical Established schools Searched for lost family members Made slave marriages legal

“Black Codes” Jim Crow Laws Southern state laws that controlled the lives & civil rights of freedmen n Could not hold public office or serve on juries Could not travel freely Must have a job or be fined or jailed n n Required races to be segregated (forced separation) Separate facilities

Ku Klux Klan n Secret groups of plantation owners and confederate soldiers terrorized freedmen to prevent them from registering and voting They opposed Gov EJ Davis’ attempts to help freedmen vote policy Congress created a state police force to take action against KKK

Carpetbaggers Northerners that moved to South to take advantage of economic opportunities Scalawags Southerners that sided w/ Northern Republicans Southerners hated these two groups Political-Economic-Social-Physical

Sharecropping/ Tenant Farming • Plantation owners provided livestock, tools and land to freedmen in exchange for a share or percentage of their crop OR • Landowners rented land to tenant farmers • There were more sharecroppers than tenant farmers • NOTE: Not all sharecroppers were African Americans

Sharecropping Who has the power?

RECONSTRUCTION ENDS NEW Texas Constitution - 1876 n n States had to ratify the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments and elect a NEW government again. Anyone who had not taken oath of loyalty to the Union could not vote – scalawags, carpetbaggers, and unionists made the majority In March of 1870, Texas was admitted back into the Union. In 1876, after Democrats regained control of Texas, the Texa constitution was re-written to give the central government some of the power lost during Radical Reconstruction

Reconstruction ? s 1. Name at least 3 ways Southerners still control the freedmen? 1. 2. 3. 2. How was a tenant farmer different from a sharecropper?