Psychology of Lying How and why lying is

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Psychology of Lying How and why lying is an art…

Psychology of Lying How and why lying is an art…

Psychology of Lying • Three criteria relevant to a statement be classified as a

Psychology of Lying • Three criteria relevant to a statement be classified as a lie: 1. The statement is false. 2. Its producer believes it to be false. 3. It is intended that others believe it to be true. - Raison d’etre (1987)

Psychology of Lying • Forensic Psychology: 4 Theories that suit a liar 1. Deception

Psychology of Lying • Forensic Psychology: 4 Theories that suit a liar 1. Deception Theory: - Many theoretical perspectives - 3 such examples: 1. Zuckerman, De. Paulo, & Rosenthal’s (1981) multiple factor model 2. De. Paulo’s Self-Presentational Perspective 3. Buller and Burgoon’s Interpersonal Deception Theory (IDT) (1996)

Psychology of Lying 4 Theories that suit a liar (con’t) • “Fact that people

Psychology of Lying 4 Theories that suit a liar (con’t) • “Fact that people lie will not affect their behavior, speech content, or physiological responses

Psychology of Lying 4 Theories that suit a liar (con’t) 2. People’s Views on

Psychology of Lying 4 Theories that suit a liar (con’t) 2. People’s Views on How Liars Respond **With exception of prisoners, people do not differ in their beliefs about deception ** Beliefs: a) Liars will react nervously by “looking away” (Global Deception Team, 2006) b) Liars experience cognitive load when telling convincing lies c) People find “odd responses, ” ones that vary from the normal expectations, suspicious (Bond, Omar, Pitre, Lashley, Skaggs, & Kirk, 1992)

Psychology of Lying 4 Theories that suit a liar (con’t) 3. Impression Formation Theory

Psychology of Lying 4 Theories that suit a liar (con’t) 3. Impression Formation Theory - Impressions & judgments are made quickly & intuitively, and just a mere glance of another person can trigger such impressions and judgments (Ambady, Bernieri, & Richeson, 2000) - Physical appearance is important - Good looking people are typically thought of as more honest (Aune, Levine, Ching, & Yoshimoto, 1993; Bull, 2004; Bull & Rumsey, 1988)

Psychology of Lying 4 Theories that suit a liar (con’t) 4. Persuasion Theory -

Psychology of Lying 4 Theories that suit a liar (con’t) 4. Persuasion Theory - Effective communication is key to successful lying, b/c perceived as “likeable” - Characteristics included in this theory: * Direct eye gaze *Smiling *Head nodding * Leaning forward * Posture mirroring

Psychology of Lying • Characteristics of Good Liars - Personality: Manipulators, Actors, Expressive People

Psychology of Lying • Characteristics of Good Liars - Personality: Manipulators, Actors, Expressive People - Behavior: Honesty, Likeability, Natural Performers - Emotions: Lack of feelings of Guilt & Fear, Ability to Camouflage emotions

Psychology of Lying • Characteristics of Good Liars (con’t) - Cognitive Load: Do not

Psychology of Lying • Characteristics of Good Liars (con’t) - Cognitive Load: Do not experience much cognitive load - Decoding Skills: Liars adapt their responses if responses raise suspicions in receiver

Psychology of Lying • “Neuro-Linguistic Programming” – Dr. Derren Brown Eye Accessing Cues Up

Psychology of Lying • “Neuro-Linguistic Programming” – Dr. Derren Brown Eye Accessing Cues Up and to the Left – Visualizing a true image Up and to the Right - Putting together a false image Down and to the Left – True dialog Down and to the Right – Emotion Straight to the Left – Sounds: True sound/Voice Straight to the Right – Creating a sound/Voice

Psychology of Lying • What if you cannot see them/their eyes? Things to look

Psychology of Lying • What if you cannot see them/their eyes? Things to look for: - Fast talking - Sound nervous/anxious - Cough/clear throat for no reason - Laugh softly for no reason – Overly persuasive - Listen to their facts, then run story by them again - Voice talks in higher pitch - ** Common Behaviors – Agitation & Anxiousness

Psychology of Lying • Compulsive Liars - Pseudo logia fantastica – behavior of habitual/compulsive

Psychology of Lying • Compulsive Liars - Pseudo logia fantastica – behavior of habitual/compulsive lying - Robert Reich, M. D. - “It has to do with selfesteem. You want to be like someone else because you aren’t very happy with yourself. ”

Psychology of Lying • Extra Tips 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Psychology of Lying • Extra Tips 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Inconsistencies Catch liars off guard – Ask unexpected questions Look for changes from normal behavior Look for Insincere Emotion – Angry face with a smile Pay attention to Gut Reaction Watch for very quick reactions-most won’t see Look for Contradictions A Sense of Unease Too much Detail Logic Has it’s Place

Psychology of Lying • References lying and deception – raison detre, Penguin Book of

Psychology of Lying • References lying and deception – raison detre, Penguin Book of Lies, (Published 1987), Telling Lies, http: //psychology. jrank. org/pages/1414/lyingdeception. html#ixzz 0 g. Ssniq. X 1 http: //www. thepalmbeachtimes. com/Pages/How. To. Spot. ALiar. p hp http: //www. forensicpsychologyunbound. ws/ - 2009. 1: E 56 -E 57

Psychology of Lying • References (con’t) http: //www. helium. com/items/806463 -how-to-tell-if-somebody -is-lying. com http:

Psychology of Lying • References (con’t) http: //www. helium. com/items/806463 -how-to-tell-if-somebody -is-lying. com http: //www. psychologytoday. com/print/25000

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