Preventing Unwanted Pregnancy What Can I do Who

Preventing Unwanted Pregnancy What Can I do?

Who gets Pregnant? STI’S? Activity: Everyone take one dice and one cup. Take out a piece of paper and a pen. Roll the dice in the cup and flip it over. Record what # you rolled. Repeat this 6 times and be sure to write down your #’s! What are the consequences of deciding to be sexually active? What are the consequences of deciding to abstain?

Who gets what? Look at the numbers you wrote down. Each time you rolled the dice represents an incidence of sexual activity. Every time you have unprotected sex, you face a 1 in 6 chance of getting pregnant. Can all students who rolled at least one 6 stand? You either just got pregnant or just got a girl pregnant. How do you feel?

Who gets what? Please stand if you rolled a six the first time? How do you feel about getting pregnant the first time you had sex? Can this really happen? Every time you have unprotected sex, you face an even greater risk of contracting a STI. Please stand if you rolled at least one 5. You have just contracted an STI. Many cannot be cured and some can even kill you.

Who gets what? How do you feel about having a STI? Please stand if you rolled a 5 on your first roll. How does it feel to have gotten an STI the first time you have sex. Is there anyone here who didn’t roll a 5 or 6? Would you risk it in real life? Know how to protect yourself…

Activity: There are many ways to prevent unwanted pregnancy using contraception or other methods…Can you come up with all of them? Get into groups of four and create a list.

What are the types?

The Pill How it works -The ovary releases an egg during ovulation when hormone levels of progesterone and estrogen drop -During pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone are released constantly to signal the ovary not to release an egg -The “pill” contains low levels of estrogen and progesterone taken daily which trick the ovary into not releasing an egg during ovulation -It also helps thicken cervical mucus to prevent sperm from entering the cervix -The hormones also help to thin out the uterine lining, making it difficult to support an embryo and causing lighter periods

The Pill Effectiveness: 99% How to use: -Take the pill the same time each day for 24 days -No pill or a “placebo pill” is taken during your period How to get it: -Prescription, Clinic or doctor Cost: -$25 a month on average Drawbacks: -No STI protection -Possibility of mood swings or headaches Positives: -Lighter periods, less cramping -Helps clear acne -Very Reliable

Injection How it works: -The shot releases synthetic hormones of progesterone and estrogen into the body -The ovary thinks the body is pregnant the same as when taking “the pill” and no egg is released -Uterine lining is also thinned to prevent implantation -Much higher dose of hormones than the pill

Injection Effectiveness: 99% How to use: -A shot is given 4 times a year How to get it: -Prescription, Clinic, doctor Cost: -$35 to $75 per injection Drawbacks: -No protection against STI’s -Some women don’t like needles -Have to go to doctor to get it -Headaches and mood swings possible Positives: -Only have to take it 4 times a year

The Patch How it works: -The patch releases synthetic hormones progesterone and estrogen through the skin -The ovary thinks the body is pregnant the same as when taking “the pill” and no egg is released -Uterine lining is also thinned, preventing implantation -Cervical mucous is thickened, preventing sperm from entering the cervix

The Patch Effectiveness: 99% How to use: -Place a patch on your buttocks, stomach, upper-outerarm, or torso once a week for three weeks. No patch is worn during your period. How to Get it: -Prescription, Clinic, doctor Cost: -$15 to $80 a month Drawbacks: -Can come off after time if not placed correctly -No STI protection Positives: -Only have to take it once a week

Nuva-Ring How it works: -The ring releases synthetic hormones estrogen and progesterone -The ovary thinks the body is pregnant the same as when taking the pill and no egg is released -The uterine lining is also thinned, preventing implantation -The cervical mucus is thickened, preventing sperm from entering the cervix

Nuva-Ring Effectiveness: 99% when used correctly How to use: -Fold the ring with your fingers and gently push it into the vagina -Slide it far enough that it feels comfortable -Exact position is not important -Leave in for 3 weeks -Remove by hooking index finger and gently pulling out How to get it: Prescription, Clinic, doctor Cost: $45 to $80 Drawbacks: -May become dislodged during intercourse or removing a tampon -May feel uncomfortable at first -No STI protection Positives: -Fertility quickly returns after taken out

How to Use:

Male Condom How it works: -Latex Barrier catches and holds sperm from entering the cervix and female body -Spermicidal condoms have special ointment that kills sperm cells upon contact Effectiveness: 86% How to use: Let’s see the correct way to put on a condom…

Male Condom How to get it: -Pharmacy, Grocery store, convenience store, target, walmart, etc… Cost: -$3 to $6 for a pack of three Drawbacks: -Can break or leak -Latex allergy -Embarrassed to buy them Positives: -Protects against most STI’s -Inexpensive to buy -No prescription necessary -Easy to travel with

Female Condom How it works: -Female condoms cover the inside of the vagina, collecting semen and preventing sperm from entering the vagina -The MOST effective barrier method of contraception Effectiveness: 95% How to use: Let’s watch and see how to use it correctly…

Female Condom How to get it: -Pharmacy, Grocery Store, Target, Walmart, etc… Cost: -$4 each Drawbacks: -May cause irritation in the vagina -May slip in the vagina during intercourse Positives: -MOST effective method of contraception to prevent a STI -Allows female to play large part in contraception -Made of plastic, so may be used if a latex allergy is present

Diaphragm & Cervical Cap How it works: -The cervical cap and diaphragm block the opening to the uterus, preventing any sperm from entering -Spermicide kills any sperm that may get passed the cap Effectiveness: 86% How to use: -Place spermicide into the cap -Squeeze the rims of the cap together and gently slide into the vagina -Position so that the cap is covering the cervix -Can not be in place for more than 48 hrs -Grip the removal strap when finished and gently pull out

Diaphragm & Cervical Cap How to get it: -Prescription, Clinic, doctor or planned parenthood Cost: -$60 to $75 plus $18 for spermicide Drawbacks: -No STI protection -May have trouble inserting correctly -Need to leave in for 6 hours after sex Positives: -Can not be felt by partner -No effect on woman’s hormones -Can be carried with you

Contraceptive Sponge How it works: -The sponge covers the cervix and blocks sperm from entering the uterus -Continually releases spermicide that stop the sperm from swimming Effectiveness: 91% How to use: -Wet sponge with clean water -Spermicide is in sponge already and becomes active when wet -Fold the sides of the sponge in and gently push up the vagina -The sponge will unfold and cover the cervix when you let it go -Use your finger to check to make sure it is covering the cervix -Must stay in for 6 hrs after sex and can’t be used longer than 30 hours

Contraceptive Sponge How to get it: -Planned Parenthood, drug stores, some supermarkets Cost: -$9 to $15 for 3 Drawbacks: -May be difficult to insert -No STI protection -May cause irritation -Must be left in for 6 hours after sex Positives: -Can’t be felt by partner -Inexpensive -Can carry with you

I. U. D. How it works: -The IUD alters the way sperm move in the uterus, preventing them from joining with the egg -The lining of the uterus is also thinned, preventing implantation -Progestin is also released, which affects the ovary the same way “the pill” does

I. U. D. Effectiveness: 99% How to use: -Your doctor will go over your medical history and examine your vagina and uterus -You will be tested for STI’s -A doctor must insert the IUD with special instruments -It must be removed by a doctor How to get it: -Doctor, Clinic Cost: $500 to $1, 000 Positives: Drawbacks: -Inexpensive over time -No protection from STI’s -Periods light or stop totally -May cause pain when inserted -Fertility quickly returns

Withdrawal How it works: -Sperm kept out of the vagina by withdrawing penis before ejaculation Effectiveness: 73% Drawbacks: -Inexperience may cause withdraw too late -requires great self-control, trust -No STI protection Positives: -Can be used when no other method is available -No hormonal effects -It is free

Rhythm Method How it works: -Only have sex during “infertile” days of a woman’s menstrual cycle -During “infertile time” there is no egg to fertilize, making pregnancy difficult Effectiveness: 65% to 80% Drawbacks: -Have to monitor your period closely -Have to track your period daily -Slight miscalculation could throw off whole calendar -No STI protection Positives: -Free -App for smartphone “Period Tracker Lite”

Spermicide How it works: -Spermicide blocks the cervix, preventing sperm from entering -Paralyzes sperm cells, preventing them from joining with the egg Effectiveness: 85% How to get it: Drugstore, Supermarket How to use: -Insert spermicide deep into the vagina using finger or applicator -Wait 10 minutes to become effective -Effective for an hour after insertion Cost: $8 a package Drawbacks: -No STI protection -May be messy or irritate the vagina -Must be used correctly to be effective Positives: -No hormonal effects -Can be combined with other methods

Morning After Pill (Plan B) How it works: -Intense dose of hormones progesterone and estrogen that stop the ovary from releasing an egg -Cervical mucus also thickened quickly and drastically -The uterine lining is thinned out quickly, making implantation difficult -This is NOT AN ABORTION or the abortion pill, the hormones are the same as the birth control pill

Morning After Pill (Plan B) Effectiveness: 89% if used within 3 days of intercourse How to use: -Take the pill as soon as possible after sex -Can be used up to 5 days after sex, but more effective the sooner it is taken How to get it: -Drugstores if 17 or older without prescription -Drugstores under 17 , but you NEED a prescription Cost: $30 to $70 Drawbacks: -Nausea, irregular bleeding, headaches Positives: -Can help if condom breaks or contraception device fails -Peace of mind if trying to be safe

Abstinence How it works: -Abstain from sexual intercourse Effectiveness: 100% How to use: -Will power and self-control to abstain from sex Drawbacks: -You can still get an STI if kissing or practicing oral sex -May be difficult to control urges Positives: -Only 100% effective method at preventing pregnancy -Self-pride

Vasectomy How it works: -Vas Deferens carry sperm from the testicle to the urethra -The Vas Deferens are blocked during a vasectomy, preventing sperm from entering the seminal fluid -Sperm cells are reabsorbed by the body as testicles continue to produce sperm Effectiveness: 99% after three months How to use: -Have sex as normal, when a male ejaculates, only seminal fluid will come out, no sperm Cost: $350 to $1, 000

Vasectomy How to get: -Doctor, outpatient procedure Drawbacks: -May want to have children in the future -May be pressured into it -No STI protection Benefits: -You are finished having children but want to continue to have unprotected sex -Concerned with side effects of other birth control methods Let’s watch a quick summary of what happens…

Tubal Ligation How it works: -Eggs are released each month from the ovary down the fallopian tube -Tubal ligation blocks the fallopian tube and prevents the egg from traveling to the fertilization site -Egg is reabsorbed by body after released -Periods are normal Effectiveness: 99% How to use: -Schedule appointment with doctor or clinic -Schedule surgery and have medical exam -After recovery, have sex as normal Cost: $1, 000 to $6, 000

Tubal Ligation Drawbacks: -Women may want to have children in future -Pressure from partner -No STI protection Positives: -You do not want children in the future -Concerned with side effects of other birth control methods Let’s see what happens during tubal ligation…