PRESENT PERFECT Form and Usage Present Perfect Form

PRESENT PERFECT Form and Usage

Present Perfect: Form The present perfect always has the following structure: to have + participle (3 rd form) He has gone. She‘s made spaghetti. They‘ve forgotten their bags at home.

Present Perfect: Form Positive sentences: They‘ve forgotten their bags at home. She‘s gone to Paris for 2 months. Negative sentences: He hasn‘t had any problems with the project. We haven‘t seen him for quite a while. Questions: Have you lost your mind? Has she been here for a long time?

Present Perfect: Don‘t forget! To form the present perfect, you need to know the participle… So: don‘t forget to learn the irregular verb forms! do-did-done see-saw-seen broken hit-hit make-made forget-forgotten break-brokeswim-swam-swum etc.

Present Perfect: Usage We generally use the present perfect to express a certain connection between the past and the present: Event She‘s joined a yoga class in our local sports centre. Event in the past with result/effect in the present: I can‘t go dancing. I‘ve broken my foot! Event started in the past and continues into present: in ‚non-specific‘ past: They‘ve lost a lot of money recently (kürzlich). Events that are ‚news‘: Oh my God! There‘s been a serious accident!!

Present Perfect: Usage Connection between the past and the present: past present

Present Perfect: Usage There are some signal words that help you decide, whether you have to use the present perfect. • today • this week, this evening, this year, etc. • recently, lately kürzlich • so far, up to now bisher • ever jemals • never niemals • yet, not yet schon, noch nicht • already schon • just gerade eben • for seit (Zeitdauer) • since seit (Zeitpunkt)

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple He‘s been here seven times this month. He was here yesterday afternoon. They‘ve forgotten their books at home. Last week they forgot their books at home. I have never been to Paris. I was in Paris four months ago.

Present Perfect Continuous: Form Like in all other tenses, the Present Perfect also has a continuous form. To form it you need: to be (in the present perfect) + ing-form They have been living there for 2 months now. I‘ve been reading the whole night. Now my eyes hurt. She has been feeling ill for quite long.

Present Perfect Continuous: Usage This tense is used when you need the present perfect (see above!) AND you want to emphasise (betonen) that it is still in progress, that it took a long time or that it‘s only temporary. I‘ve been working really hard. Can I leave now? She‘s been watching TV for the whole weekend. We‘ve been waiting here all morning!

PAST PERFECT Form and Usage

Past Perfect: Form We form the past perfect with the auxiliary had and the past participle had + past participle She had left school. In speech and informal writing, we can use short forms (contractions) She’d left school.

Past Perfect: Form Questions: We form questions in the past perfect by putting had before the subject. Had she left school? Negative Sentences: We form negatives with not She had not left school. She hadn’t left school.

Past Perfect: Usage We use the past perfect: to show that one past event happened before another past event She left at 7. 00 We arrived at her house at 8. 30. Sue had already left her house when we arrived. past perfect event past simple event

Past Perfect: Usage we often use the past perfect together with the simple past and «before» and «after» . She had left her house before we arrived. We arrived at Sue’s house after she had left. before + simple past after + past perfect