Penilaian Kualitas 3 Estimasi kandungan energi Eko Widodo

Penilaian Kualitas 3. Estimasi kandungan energi Eko Widodo

a. Imbangan C dan N • Tujuan: mengetahui jumlah protein dan lemak dalam tubuh • Misal: Bahan Nitrogen Karbon masuk keluar Makanan 6988 g hay 56, 4 -2831, 7 -400 g bk kelapa 21, 9 -172, 6 -Ekskreta 16619 gfeses -33, 5 -- 1428, 7 4357 g urin -33, 7 -132, 2 4730 g CO 2 ---1290, 2 142 g methan ---46, 6 Retensi Jumlah 11, 1 -- 46, 6

Perhitungan: Protein tubuh 16, 65%N • Jml protein yg diretensi 11, 1 x 100/16, 65 = 66, 66 g Protein tubuh 52, 54%C • Jml C dalam protein 66, 66 x 52, 54/100 = 35 g • Total C yang masih tersedia 46, 6 – 35 = 11, 6 • Lemak mengandung 76, 5% C, jml lemak diretensi 11, 6 x 100/76, 5 = 15, 2

b. Bomb kalorimeter Gross energy Fecal energy Digestible energy (10 -35% konsentrat) (20 -60% hijauan) Urine + gaseous energy (5 -12%GE) Heat increament Total heat production Metabolizable energy Net energy Maintenance Production

Maintenance energy • • Aktivitas bebas Metabolisme basal Panas untuk menjaga tubuh hangat Energi untuk menjaga tubuh dingin

Production energy • • • Pertumbuhan Bulu Telur Susu Wool kerja

4. Penilaian kualitas protein • Non-ruminansia a. protein efficiency ratio (PER) - syarat: konsumsi kalori harus cukup, kandungan protein cukup namun tidak berlebihan - kelemahan: asumsi kenaikan BB adalah proporsional thd konsumsi protein - spesifik untuk masing 2 ternak

b. Biological value (BV) • Protein yang diretensi tubuh N intake – (faecal N + urinary N) BVa = --------------------- x 100% N intake – faecal N

N intake – (faecal N- MFN) – (urinary N EUN) BVt = ---------------------------- x 100% N intake – faecal N dimana: UEN : urinary endogenous N MFN : metabolic faecal N

Contoh: • • • Konsumsi pakan N dalam urin UEN MFN N dalam feses 6000 g 1, 043% 32800 g 22 g 10, 7 g 20, 9 g 62, 6 - (20, 9 – 10, 7) – (32, 8 – 22, 0) BV = -----------------------x 100% 62, 6 - (20, 9 – 10, 7) 1, 043 x 6 BV = 79%

c. Replacement value (RV) (Ks N 1 – Ks. N 2) x 100 • RV = 100 - ------------------Ks. N 1 dimana: Ks. N 1 : keseimbangan N ransum test Ks. N 2 : keseimbangan N ransum standar

Contoh: • • Intake N jagung 50 g Intake N telur 50 g Keseimbangan N jagung = 19 (+19) Keseimbangan N telur = 25 (+25) RV= 100 – {(25 -19) x 100} 50 RV= 88%

Digestible Crude Protein %DCP = CP intake – CP faeces x 100% CP intake Protein Equivalent (PE) • PE = {%DCP + %DTP}/2 • DTP: digestible true protein

Chemical score • Without conducting animal experiment • Taking the first limiting amino acid • For example lysine content in egg and wheat were 7. 2 and 2. 7 percent respectively • So, the chemical score of wheat protein is 2. 7/7. 2 x 100 = 37 • Comparable to the values obtained by biological value for protein in pig, rats and humans but not with poultry.

Essential amino acids index (EAAI) • EAAI= n 100 a x 100 b x …… 100 j A B J Dimana: n: the number of amino acids a, b, …. j: percentage of essential aa in the food protein A, B, …J: percentage of essential aa in the standard egg protein

Ruminansia a. Estimasi DCP (digestible crude protein) %DCP = (%CP x 0, 9115) – 3, 67 b. Percobaan keseimbangan N Positive N balance Negative N balance

5. Perhitungan Ekonomis • Jagung PK 9% EM 2980 kcal/kg 2000/kg • Bk kelapa PK 21% EM 2200 kcal/kg 1200/kg Harga per % PK Jagung = 2000/9 = 222, 22 Bk kelapa = 1200/21 = 57, 14 Harga per kcal EM Jagung = 2000/2980 = 0, 671 Bk kelapa = 1200/2200 = 0, 545

• Jagung 9% PK 2800 kcal/kg EM 2000/kg • Tp ikan 60%PK 2400 kcal/kg EM 10000/kg Bandingkan sb energi dan sb energi Sb protein dg sb protein