p 6Auditory Cortex a Primary Auditory Cortex AI

p (6)聽知覺皮質(Auditory Cortex)：位於大腦。 a. 主要聽知覺皮質(Primary Auditory Cortex , AI) b. 聽知覺聯合皮質(Auditory Association Cortex , AII) c. Broca’s Area (AIII) (7)胼胝體(The Corpus Callosum)：連接兩大腦半球。 p (8)輸出聽知覺系統(Efferent Auditory System) p

3. 聽知覺系統之成熟與可塑性 p (1)神經成熟 (Neuromaturation) --髓鞘形成 (Myelination) --樹狀分歧 (Aborization) p (2)神經塑性 (Neuroplasticity)

二、中樞聽知覺處理過程 (Central Auditory Processing , CAP) 定義(ASHA, 1996)：CAP為負責下列行為情境之聽知 覺系統機轉與過程。 *聲音定位和側化(Sound localization and lateralization) *聽知覺辨異(Auditory discrimination) *聽知覺形式辨認(Auditory Pattern recognition) *聽知覺時序情境(Temporal aspects of audition)，包括 --時序解析 (Temporal resolution) --時序遮蔽 (Temporal masking) --時序統合 (Temporal integration) --時序先後 (Temporal ordering) p

*因干擾的聲音訊息而降低的聽知覺表現 (Auditory performance decements with competing acoustic signals) *因減弱的聲音訊息而降低的聽知覺表現 (Auditory performance decements with degraded acoustic signals)

Re-grouped of CAP 1. 雙耳的互動(Binaural Interaction) p 2. 聽知覺辨異(Auditory Discrimination) p 3. 時序處理技巧(Temporal Processing Skills) --Temporal Masking --Temporal Order --Temporal Integration --Temporal Patterning p 4. 雙耳的統合(Binaural Integration) p

四、CAPD之篩檢 p p p 1. 行為檢核表和問卷 *The Fisher’s Auditory Processing Checklist *The Children’s Auditory Performance Scale (CHAPS) 2. Record Review和直接觀察 3. 聽覺測驗 *Test for Auditory Processing in Children-Revised (SCAN): SCAN-A, SCAN-C-revised. *Auditory Continuous Performance Test (ACPT))

五、CPA測驗：測驗套組模式 (A Battery Approach) p 1. 雙耳混音測驗(Binaural Interaction Tests) *快速轉換語音測驗(Rapidly Alternating Speech Perception) *雙耳溶合(Binaural Fusion)

p 2. 聽知覺辨異測驗(Auditory Discrimination Tests) *低通過濾語音(Low-Pass Filtering Speech) *時間壓縮語音(Time Compressed Speech) *時間壓縮和回音語音(Time Compressed with Reverberation) *隨機間隔偵測測驗(Random Gap Detection Test)

p 3. 時序處理測驗(Temporal Processing Tests) *隨機間隔偵測測驗(R. G. D. T) *形式測驗(Patterning Test) --音高形式順序(Pitch Pattern Sequence) --音長形式測驗(Duration Pattern Test)

p 4. 雙耳異訊測驗(Dichotic Tests) *雙耳數字測驗(Dichotic Digits Test) *同詞號疊詞測驗/揚揚格(Staggered Spondaic Words) *雙耳單音節字彙測驗(Dichotic Consonant. Vowel Test) *雙耳音韻測驗(Dichotic Rhyme Test) *競爭語句測驗(Competing Sentences Test) *雙耳混句辨認測驗(Dichotic Sentence Identification Test)

六、CAPD之類型 p 1. 水牛城模式(The Buffalo Model) --Katz, Smith, & Kurpita (1992) --Decoding --Tolerance – Fading Memory --Integration --Organization

p 2. The Bellis / Fere Model --Bellis & Ferre (1996) --3個主型 --2個亞型

(2)由上到下的治療(Top-Down Therapy) --以概念為導向 --從設語言策略(Metalinguistic Strategies) --從設認知策略(Metacognitive Strategies)