OKLAHOMA POISON CONTROL CENTER University of Oklahoma College

OKLAHOMA POISON CONTROL CENTER University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy Annual Report January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2001

2001 FACTS AT A GLANCE • 46, 983 - Total initial calls. • 32, 886 - Human poisoning-related calls. • Children 6 years and younger accounted for 18, 989 poisoning calls or almost 58% of the total. • 21, 210 - Follow-up calls.

2001 FACTS AT A GLANCE • 12, 462 - Poison and drug information calls. l 1, 524 - Animal poisoning calls. l 68, 193 - Total telephone volume of incoming and outgoing calls.

2001 FACTS AT A GLANCE • 80% of 32, 886 human exposure cases safely managed in the home • Overall minimal savings = $6, 540, 750 26, 163 cases X average ER cost ($250) (Not including saved costs in unnecessary physician office visits, hospital admissions, laboratory testing, and ambulance transports )

2001 FACTS AT A GLANCE • Operations cost $1, 175, 000 in FY 01 (July 2000 to June 2001) for direct expenses only. • Of this budget, more than 90% was spent on personnel. • Expenses represent a cost of $25 per poisoning or information call.

2001 FACTS AT A GLANCE • Prevention programs and educational efforts • included: 42 public presentations, 35 public interviews in 2001. 18 press releases, 7 professional presentations, 5 community outreach programs, 2 professional journal articles Additionally, 210, 118 telephone stickers and brochures were distributed to the public as well as civic and health organizations. • • •

Oklahoma Poison Control Center l Administrative Director Carl K. Buckner, R. Ph. , Ph. D. l Managing Director Lee Mc. Goodwin, R. Ph. , MS, Diplomate-American Board of Applied Toxicology l Medical Director William Banner, Jr. , MD, Ph. D, Diplomate - American Board of Medical Toxicology l Education Coordinator Tracy N. Mc. Keown, MPH,

Oklahoma Poison Control Center Staff Senior Certified Specialists, Poison Information l Roger Blackwell, RPh, CSPI, l Nile Clifton, Pharm. D, CSPI, l Trudy Hefner, RN, CSPI, l Scott Schaeffer, RPh, CSPI, l Kimmel Stanton, MS, CSPI, l Kerri Williams, RPh, CSPI,

Oklahoma Poison Control Center Staff Specialists, Poison Information Randy Badillo, RN, CSPI Eligible 5/2003 Debbie Johnson, RN, CSPI Eligible 5/2002 Mark Madden, RN, CSPI Eligible 5/2002 Marda Riley, RN, , CSPI Eligible 5/2002 • •

Portrait of a Typical Poisoning Exposure Who: Male; 2 years old What: Cosmetics/Personal Care Prod. Where: Own Residence When: July; Monday; After Evening Meal Time Why: Unintentional, General Caller: Parent or caregiver Management Site: Own Residence Medical Outcome: Minor symptoms, if any Management: Rinse, wipe, dilute, and observe

Age and Gender of Poisoning Victims

Ten Drug Categories Involved in Overdoses Numbers of exposures

Top Ten Non-drug Toxins

Exposure Site Own Residence Other Residence Workplace Public area School Restaurant/Food Service Other Health Care Facility Unknown Number 28, 694 1, 682 1, 060 487 416 210 199 70 68 Percent 87. 25 5. 11 3. 22 1. 48 1. 26 0. 64 0. 61 0. 21 Total 32, 866 100

Site of Caller Site of caller Number of Human Exposures Own Residence 26, 641 Health Care Facility 3, 376 Other Residence 1, 158 Workplace 746 Other 680 Public Area 134 School 130 Unknown 11 Restaurant/Food Service 10 Total 32, 886

Geographic Location of the Caller: Oklahoma Counties: 2001

Geographic Location of the Caller: Oklahoma Counties: 2000

Time of Day Mealtimes are especially busy periods of time when accidental poisoning occur. The demand for emergency services is high and steady from 10: 00 A. M. to 11: 00 P. M. Less than 8 percent of calls are received after midnight, but cases tend to be more serious.

Percent of Calls per Hour of Day

Distribution of Poisoning Calls During the Week

Human Exposures by Month

Categories of Reasons for Exposures

Reasons for Unintentional Exposures

Reasons for Intentional Exposures

Callers – Health Care Professionals • • Calls most frequently received are from the lay public. 13. 6% (4, 482) of the calls came from healthcare professionals

Exposure Calls from Health Care Providers

Management Site Number Percent Managed on site (non HCF) Managed in HCF Treated & Released Adm to Critical Care Adm to Noncrit. care Adm to Psyc. Lost /Left AMA Subtotal Other Refused referral Unknown Total 26, 163 79. 56 3, 929 510 575 394 463 5, 871 89 722 41 32, 886 11. 95 1. 55 1. 75 1. 20 1. 41 17. 85 0. 27 2. 20 0. 12 100

Medical Outcomes of Poisoning Exposures Medical outcome No effect Minor Effect Moderate Effect Major Effect Death, indirect report No follow-up, nontoxic No follow-up, min. tox. Unable to follow, toxic Unrelated effect Total exposures Numbers of Exposures 5, 540 4, 786 821 120 12 1 3, 062 16, 853 780 911 32, 886

Agents Responsible for Death or Moderate to Major Outcomes

1998 -2001 Comparisons Activities 2001 Total number of human exposure: Total number of animal exposure: 2000 1999 1998 32886 29146 29423 27675 1524 1300 1043 918 Total number of informational calls: 8177 10007 8817 9933 Total number of pill identifications: 4285 3886 3076 5007 Total # of calls from all categories 46983 44339 42359 43533 Total number of return calls: 21210 18087 18070 22459 Total number of calls & return calls: 68193 62426 60419 65994

1998 -2001 Comparisons Activities 2001 2000 1999 1998 Number of Press Releases 18 14 11 13 Number of Total Ed. Presentations 54 31 26 54 Other PR/Interviews, etc 35 20 16+ 16 Public Service Announcements 2 n/a n/a E-mail Responses 11 n/a n/a Prevention Mtgs/Committees 26 n/a n/a Conferences 3 n/a n/a Community Outreach/Displays 5 n/a n/a