Motivation 1 Overview Definition of Motivation Motivation Theories

Motivation 1

Overview • Definition of Motivation • Motivation Theories – Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs – Mc. Gregor’s Theory X and Theory Y 2

Webster’s Definition MOTIVATION: An impulse, emotion, desire or psychological need acting as incitement to action. Kanfer’s View: Motivation is anything that provides: Direction Intensity Persistence 3

Motivation Defined Getting people doing what needs to be done because they want to do it. MOTIVATION IS INTERNAL 4

Motivation’s Three Steps • Begins with need • Action to address need • Need satisfied 5

Motivation Defined Motivation Chain y t i l i Ab Desire Reward 6

Psychological Schools of Thought • Psychoanalytic – outside influences affect motivation • Behaviorist – behavior modification affects motivation • Human Relations – allowing more individual authority affects motivation 7

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 8

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self. Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 9

Survival • Clothing • Food • Shelter 10

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self. Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 11

Safety Physical Safety Psychological Safety Home Job Health From Harm Insurance Retirement Savings 12

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self. Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 13

Belonging Love Approval Acceptance Warmth 14

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self. Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 15

Esteem - Ego • Recognition • Worth • Status • Self-respect 16

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self. Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival 17

Self-Actualization Self-Fulfillment Personal Growth Realizing Potential 18

Reminder - A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people 19

Mc. Gregor’s Theory X and Y

Mc. Gregor’s Theory X • People, by nature, don’t like to work • People lack ambition and must be coerced or forced to work • People prefer to be told what to do • People resist change • People are gullible and not overly intelligent 21

Mc. Gregor’s Theory X • Hard Approach – Coercion – Tight controls over behavior 22

Mc. Gregor’s Theory X • Soft Approach – Satisfying People’s Demands – Achieving Harmony 23

Mc. Gregor’s Theory Y • People may actively seek work instead of avoiding it • People prefer participative management • People prefer setting their own goals • People seek responsibility 24

Mc. Gregor’s Theories: A Comparative Snapshot • Theory X – External control – Hard and soft approach • Theory Y – Internal or selfcontrol – Environment approach – Create opportunities 25

Summary • Definition of Motivation • Motivation Theories – Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs – Mc. Gregor’s Theory X and Theory Y • Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated 26