Module C Driving Ranges and Driving Simulators Slide

Module C Driving Ranges and Driving Simulators

Slide C-2 Purpose of the Module � To give the student a better understanding of how driving ranges and driving simulators can enhance a driver education program. � For more specific information on how to teach utilizing these program enhancements, you will need to seek further training. Module C PW page C-2

Slide C-3 Module Sections This module will cover two topics: � Driving ranges � Driving simulators Module C PW page C-2

Slide C-4 Module Objectives � By to: the end of this Module, you will be able ◦ Describe the role and use of driving simulators in behind-the-wheel-instruction. ◦ Describe the role and use of driving ranges or off -street practice areas in behind-the-wheelinstruction. Module C PW page C-2

Slide C-5 Driving Simulators � Designed to reproduce, with varying degrees of realism the experience of driving a motor vehicle within a realistic road and traffic environment. Module C PW page C-3

Slide C-6 Driving Simulators � Visual displays range from desktop computer screens to 360 -degree curved screens. � Motion reproduction of varying qualities. � Typically available in a wide range of configurations with costs that vary. Module C PW page C-3

Categories of Driving Simulators Based on Quality �Low quality �Medium-quality �High Module C quality PW page C-3 Slide C-7

Slide C-8 What Simulation Can Offer �A repetitive sequence in a protected environment. � Judgment and decision making abilities. � The instructor can observe student responses under simulated conditions. Module C PW page C-4

Slide C-9 Purpose of Driving Simulation � Liaison between classroom and in-vehicle instruction. � Provides additional knowledge. � Provides a variety of learning experiences. � Learning in a protected environment. Module C PW page C-4

Slide C-10 Skills Built Using Driving Simulators � Basic visual skills and abilities. � Basic perceptual skills and abilities. � Judgment and decision-making abilities. � Appropriate responses to situations of increased risk. � Procedural and vehicle handling skills. Module C PW page C-4

Slide C-11 Activity #1: Driving Skills Enhanced through Simulation Discuss the role of driving simulation and driving skills that are enhanced through this technique. Module C PW page C-4

Slide C-12 Suitability of Different Visual Systems Driving skills 180 -degree FOV screens with 1: 1 graphic-to-optic ratio plus blind spots 120 -degree FOV screens with graphic compression of 180 degrees and no blind spots Speed control Yes Brake reactions Lane keeping Turns at Y intersections Proceeding straight through intersections Yes Yes (Speed perception decreases as field of view narrows [3]) Yes Yes Not recommended Lane changes (with shoulder checks) Yes No Turns (with shoulder checks) Expressway merges (with shoulder checks) Yes No Module C PW page C-5

Slide C-13 Different Types of Simulators �Interactive �Simulated �Virtual Module C driving simulator driving reality PW page C-6

Slide C-14 Interactive Driving Simulator � Drivers directly control the movement of their vehicles. � Events can be programmed to occur that can train or test a driver’s ability to perform safely. Module C PW page C-6

Slide C-15 Interactive Driving Simulator � Can measure driver performance and behavior with precision and reliability. � Makes it possible to develop standardized scenarios with high-risk traffic situations. Module C PW page C-6

Slide C-16 Simulated Driving � Visual media like videos and games that reproduce aspects of the driving experience and require the performance of tasks similar to real life driving. Module C PW page C-6

Slide C-17 Virtual Reality �Simulates real or imaginary worlds through visual displays, sounds and sometimes tactile feedback. Module C PW page C-6

Slide C-18 Immersion � The extent to which the driver’s external sensory inputs are occupied with the driving task vs. any external distraction. ◦ Example: A 180 -degree visual configuration is more immersive than a single monitor desk-top simulator. Module C PW page C-7

Slide C-19 Presence � The measure of the degree to which we feel we are in or part of an environment. ◦ Immersion and presence are related but different. The difference is that immersion is the cause or the process and presence is the effect or the result. Module C PW page C-7

Slide C-20 Immersion and Presence � Driving simulators that produce a more immersive environment, through more realistic and comprehensive sensory outputs, have a greater likelihood of producing the presence that is critical learning. Module C PW page C-7

Guidelines to Ensure Students Know What to Expect � Instructor Slide C-21 must know and understand how to operate driving simulators. � Instructors should organize the driving simulation lesson into an introduction, the actual driving simulation video and a good summary. � Student orientation to equipment and assessment. � Student orientation to instructional programs. � Expectation of student performance in-vehicle. � Evaluation of student performance in driving simulation. Module C PW page C-8

Slide C-22 Activity #2: Driving Simulation Demo Participate as a student in many driving simulation lessons. Module C PW page C-8

Slide C-23 Methods of Evaluating Students � Based on instructor observation and computerized scoring system. � Written or verbal testing based on the simulation. � Commentary � Simulation Module C driving during the simulation. clips with response sheets. PW page C-9

Slide C-24 Limitations of Driving Simulators � Absence � Limited of kinetic feedback. visual field � Possible negative transfer of learning when errors or omissions are not identified and corrected. Module C PW page C-9

Converting Simulation into BTW Hours � Generally Slide C-25 accepted time ratio is 4: 1. � Driving simulation can be used as a part of classroom instruction. � Maximum Module C two hours substitution time allowed. PW page C-9

Slide C-26 Driving Ranges and Instruction � Driving range – a defined roadway course closed to public traffic and allowing for the recreation of various basic driving scenarios. � Driving range instruction – use of a closed course to instruct drivers. Module C PW page C-10

Slide C-27 Types of Driving Ranges 1. Dedicated, specially designed and built traffic mix facility. 2. Temporary, off-street exercise range that is most likely a parking lot. Module C PW page C-10

Slide C-28 Advantages of Driving Ranges � Repetitive experiences in a controlled environment. � More driving experience per hour of supervision/guidance. � Individual �A Module C student differences. low risk in-vehicle experience. PW page C-10

Slide C-29 Activity #3: Advantages of the Driving Range Discussion on the advantages of utilizing the driving range program as an enhancement to in-vehicle instruction. Module C PW page C-10

Basic Equipment Needed to Operate a Driving Range � Additional vehicles. � Communication � Vehicle Slide C-30 system. identification. � Storage. � Signs, signals, markings, cones � Control tower � Vehicle remote controls for ignition and braking � Skid pad or skid simulation equipment � Landscaping surfaces Module C for hills, various road chambers and PW page C-11

Slide C-31 Other Driving Range Considerations � Teaching stations protected from the elements. � Safety considerations of the students, instructors, and of the vehicles. � Types of basic skill exercises: ◦ Starting and stopping o Parking exercises ◦ Lateral maneuvers o Passing lanes ◦ Traffic mix o Backing exercises ◦ Left/right turns o ◦ Vision/steering skills Module C Various types of intersections PW page C-11

Slide C-32 Driving Range Safety Rules � Avoid contact with the vehicle when giving directions. � Stand well away from the vehicle. � Do not approach the vehicle unless it is in neutral and the parking brake is set. � Do not stand directly in front or in the rear of a vehicle. � Be Module C prepared to move at any time. PW page C-12

Slide C-33 Driving Range Safety Rules � Always keep the driver in sight, and make sure that you stay where the driver can see you. � If the driver cannot hear your directions, have them turn the engine off. � Never allow the driver to do anything dangerous. � Do not allow them to exit the vehicle without maintaining 3 points of contact on the vehicle. Module C PW page C-12

Slide C-34 Converting Driving Range Time to BTW Time � Generally accepted time ratio is 2: 1 (two hours of range instruction is equivalent to one hour of onstreet instruction). � Maximum Module C two hours substitution time allowed. PW page C-13

Other Activities a Driving Range May be Used For �Public driver improvement programs. �Motorcycle operator courses. �Private driver training. �School functions. Module C PW page C-13 Slide C-35

Slide C-36 Summary of Program Enhancements � Can add to the learning environment. � Each enhancement has its strengths weaknesses. � Some � May Module C may have a high initial cost. reduce instructional costs over time. PW page C-14

Slide C-37 Module Summary � With the conclusion of this Module, you should be able to: ◦ Describe the role and use of driving simulators in behind-the-wheel-instruction. ◦ Describe the role and use of driving ranges or off -street practice areas in behind-the-wheelinstruction. Module C PW page C-15

Slide C-38 Module Review Activity: Key Words Matchup Complete the Activity in the Participant Workbook. Module C PW page C-16

Slide C-39 Questions and Answers � What are some of the advantages of incorporating range exercises into a driver education program? � What are some of the driving simulators strong points? � What is the purpose of driving simulation? Module C

Slide C-40 Questions? ? Module C