Minia University Faculty of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department

Minia University Faculty of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department Polymers By Prof. Wael Abdelmoez Professor of Environment & Energy

PROPYLENE STORAGE The minimum concentration of propylene in feed stream 99. 5% and the rest is impurities (CO, CO 2, O 2 and water) -The sphere design capacity is +1800 tons at maximum level 19 meters. -The normal operating condition of sphere is varying according to whether but it’s around (P=12. 24 kg/cm²g and T=25 ºC).

Safety in the system 1)If the pressure inside the storage where : +P=17 bar open Pressure valve +P=18 bar open Safety valve 2)Firing Melt Fusible rubber tube 3)Leaking Open Read by Gas Indicator open Deluge system

Flow chart for PROPYLENE STORAGE

PROPYLENE PURIFICATION

PROPYLENE PURIFICATION -The purification system is designed to remove poisons and impurities which affect on reaction system. -The following are the typical impurities present in feed propylene to the purification system: : CO 2, CO, O 2, H 2 O, CH 3 OH : Propodiene, Butadiene : H 2 S, COS, Mercaptans : C 2 H 2 But the common impurities in our feed stream are: .

Flow Chart For Propylene Purification

Degassing column Condenser -The propylene flow passes through a Degassing Column: 1)equipped with a Water Condenser at the top, and steam reboiler at the bottom. Reboiler 2)Where Lighter gaseous impurities (CO, CO 2, O 2) (0. 1 to 1% of total feed) are stripped from feed propylene in degassing column by simple distillation process 3)The degassing column is safe guarded against over pressure by two safety pressure relief valves Heat exchanger

Dryers Cooled propylene then flows through one of the two parallel Dryer Vessels for removal of water, methanol, and other polar compounds. -The dryers contain fixed beds of Union Carbide Molecular Sieves which remove polar impurities by physical adsorption. -The physical adsorption process depends on the pore size of the Molecular Sieves (10 Ao) and wander val forces which making weak interaction between adsorbent and adsorbant Fixed bed Molecular sieve 10 A

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Catalyst . The first linear polypropylene polymer was prepared from a mixture of tri-ethyl aluminum and titanium tetrachloride (Ziegler catalyst) in the early 1950 so the reaction is called Ziegler-Natta catalyst/co-catalyst. So the secret here is the reaction between catalyst and co-catalyst which form a complex which have the free radical or free orbital. for his discovery of these titanium based catalysts, and for using them to prepare stereo regular polymers , were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963. 11

Catalyst abbreviation of . The catalyst is slurry (a combination of white mineral oil and solid catalyst) arrives in special drums (208 liters) 40 %wt. slurry in mineral oil. These drums are placed on a drum roller to maintain suspension prior to pumping into the slurry feed tank. The slurry feed tank is an agitated vessel used to keep the slurry in suspension, and to provide feed to catalyst pump. 12

TEAL SYSTEM TEAL is a co-catalyst which is injected directly into the reactor cycle line. The TEAL flow is controlled by adjusting the TEAL pump speed.

Teal SYSTEM 14

The nitrogen take-off going to the TEAL system should be as close to the N 2 purification as possible to minimize any potential for N 2 contamination. The nitrogen supplied to cylinder not submerged but TEAL line is submerged through dip tube. The nitrogen supplied pressure to cylinders is regulated from (7. 02. 5)kg/cm 2 system is supplied by logic to protect the TEAL system in case of fire, H 2 O or O 2 in nitrogen supplied and manual. 15

TEAL is pressured from supply cylinders (one on service and the other is standby) with nitrogen to the TEAL feed pot. The TEAL feed pot acts as a surge capacity for the TEAL charge pumps which feed the reaction system and also serves as a level detection device for indication of an empty TEAL cylinder. Normally the TEAL feed pot is completely liquid full. When the TEAL cylinder runs empty, the level will begin to drop in the TEAL feed pot. A low level device on the TEAL feed pot will activate an alarm at approximately 90%16 in the control room.

*All vent from the TEAL system are routed to the seal pot through dip tube and combined with mineral oil to produce a non pyrophoric solution. The Seal Pot vents to the TEAL burn pit. * is pumped from supply drums by the mineral oil drum pump to the seal pot for TEAL vent dilution or to the mineral oil blow tank for use in TEAL system flushing. * must be emptied after it becomes 60% (10 wt. %) • Then the Seal Pot must refilled again to 38 % mineral oil 17 level to make non-pyrophoric solution.

So the seal pot serves as a seal between the process and the atmosphere. It also serves as a collection vessel for residual TEAL and mineral oil. Periodically, the seal pot contents are drained to the disposal tank. Then the content must drained to disposal tank where it should be purged free of air and water before any of the mineral oil/TEAL solution is drained from the Seal Pot. 18