FEUP Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Public

FEUP | Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto Public conference organized by University of Exeter, UK, 20 th May 2020

Geothermal resources in Portugal Geothermal resources Portuguese mainland Temperature Very low enthalpy: T<30°C Low enthalpy: 90>T>30 °C Medium enthalpy: 180>T>90 °C High enthalpy: T> 180°C Portuguese islands (Azores) There are three main types of geothermal energy systems (with different examples in Portugal): • • • Direct use and district heating systems; Electricity generation power plants; Geothermal heat pumps - GHPs (building heating or cooling). 2

Geothermal utilization in Portugal Portuguese mainland: According to the knowledge, there are only conditions for the use of low enthalpy applications Portuguese islands (Azores): • There are 48 geothermal occurrences of low enthalpy in Azores islands. • High enthalpy geothermal resources are present and geothermal power stations were installed since 1980. São Miguel Island Pico Vermelho plant (13 MWe) + Ribeira Grande Power production from (27. 8 MWe capacity and annual energy production of 171. 6 GWh- year 2016) geothermal resources in Supply over 42% of the electrical consumption of the island Azores meets 25. 7% of Terceira island the total demand of the Pico Alto pilot power plant (4 MWe capacity) started operation in 2017 archipelago. 10. 8% of the island electrical consumption of the island 3

Geothermal resource in Portugal mainland The existing temperatures restrain the utilization to direct uses Geothermal occurrences More than 60 occurrences! Twenty-four springs are officially used in balneotherapy having discharge temperatures between 25 ºC and 76 ºC Source: Geotermia - Energia Renovável em Portugal. DGEG - Direção Geral de Energia e Geologia, 2017. 4

Successful cases in Portugal Some Examples: district heating • Caldas de Chaves (nº 20), 150 m deep, 76°C, 5 l/s capacity. Started in 1982. Distric heating (swimming-pool, hotel heating) and thermal bath. • São Pedro do Sul (nº 55), 500 m deep, 69°C for direct uses (bathing and swimming), 10 l/s. Another hole with 200 m deep and 67°C for greenhouse heating, producing tropical fruits. • Caldas de Monção (nº 38), 47°C for direct uses (heating of the hotel, swimming pool and building). Started in 2015. Use of geothermal occurrences • Geotherm & Thermalism • Thermalism &Bottling • Bottling 5

GSHP in Portugal Geothermal heat pump (GHP) or ground source heat pump (GSHP) According to the last data recorded by EHPA (European Heat Pump Association), the sales of GSHP until 2014 was about 54 units with an installed capacity of 0. 65 MW. It is difficult to follow the evolution of new projects concerning GSHP, since Portugal still doesn´t have legislation to oblige the registration of this kind of project, especially concerning the residential sector. In spite of the lack of registration, there is some information about GSHP projects developed in Portugal as shown in the next slides. Source: Nunes, J. C. , Coelho, L. , Carvalho, J. M. , Carvalho. M. R. and Garcia, J. . Geothermal Energy Use, Country Update for Portugal, European Geothermal Congress 2019. The Netherlands, 11 -14 June 2019 6

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) • Brigantia Ecopark in Bragança: 3 GSHP (heating/cooling and DHW) • University of Aveiro: has 5 buildings acclimatized (ECORR, ESAN, CCI, CICFANO and ESSUA buildings) with heating/cooling and DHW • Groundmed project in Coimbra: heating/cooling of Regional authority administration building with 600 m 2 floor area • GROUNDHIT project in Superior School of Technology of Setúbal (EST Setúbal): two GSHP’s for heating and cooling Use of geothermal occurrences • • • Geotherm & Thermalism &Bottling Without classification 7

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) • Sines Tecnopolo: has an existing renewed building with 251 m 2, a laboratory building with 534 m 2 and an office building with 1, 286 m 2, all served by GSHP’s, for heating, cooling and DHW production Use of geothermal occurrences • • • Geotherm & Thermalism &Bottling Without classification • Ombria Resort project in Quarteira (under construction!): heating/cooling and DHW, for Golf club (1260 m 2) and Hotel, Villas and SPA (15940 m 2) 8

Some examples of successful cases in Portugal Aveiro University Campus ECOCRR ESSUA CICFANO CCCI Source: Prof. José Lapa, University of Aveiro, Presentation at the Geothermal Seminar, Porto, Portugal, October 2019 Source: Nunes, J. C. et. al. . Geothermal Energy Use, Country Update for Portugal, European Geothermal Congress 2019. June 2019. 9

Some examples of successful cases in Portugal Aveiro University Departments – CICFANO building General Information: 4450 m 2 of gross area (ground floor and two elevated floors); with heating and cooling demands fulfilled with a geothermal system 134 k. Wh heating and 152 k. Wh cooling annual needs Geothermal system: A ground source and two heat pumps (GSHP) with COP of 4. 16 85 concrete pile foundation structures that includes the heat exchanger pipes (diameters between 400 and 600 mm and 10 m depth) Source: A. Figueiredo et al. , Shallow geothermal systems for Aveiro University departments: a survey through the energy efficiency and thermal comfort, Proceedings of the XVII ECSMGE-2019, doi: 10. 32075/17 ECSMGE-2019 -0583

Some examples of successful cases in Portugal Groundmed project in Coimbra city This building are the headquarters of the Regional Hydrographic Authority (ARH) and it is mainly composed by offices and laboratories Zone Sensible Heating 48 k. W Total Cooling 56 k. W Source: Prof. Luis Coelho, University of Setubal, Presentation at the Geothermal Seminar, Porto, Portugal, October 2019 Design. Builder 11

Some examples of successful cases in Portugal • Gross area: 1260 m 2 • 40 holes, 100 m deep HOTEL, VILLAS & SPA GOLF CLUB Ombria Resort Project in Quarteira (Algarve) • Gross area: 15 940 m 2 • 60 holes, 125 m deep in the Hotel building • 2 x 72 holes with 115 m in the Villas & SPA Source: Eng. Gabriela Ferreira , Prom&e Consulting, Presentation at the Geothermal Seminar, Porto, Portugal, October 2019 12

New news about District heating in Portugal! • In addition, in 2018 it was released a call for geothermal projects, sponsored by the FAI – “Fundo de Apoio à Inovação”, to promote the use of geothermal resources in Portugal, namely the low enthalpy resources associated with Thermal Baths/Spas facilities. • For the time being, two district heating networks for hotels and public buildings were retained for funding: S. Pedro do Sul (67ºC, 17 L/s) with a proposed 5 km network to heat 16 hotels and 2 SPA, and Chaves (74ºC, 15 L/s) with 3 km extension to heat up to 25 public buildings • Field work will be performed in 2019/2020. Source: Nunes, J. C. , Coelho, L. , Carvalho, J. M. , Carvalho. M. R. and Garcia, J. . Geothermal Energy Use, Country Update for Portugal, European Geothermal Congress 2019. The Netherlands, 11 -14 June 2019 -Newspaper and websites: Jornal do Centro 24 -01 -2020: www. jornaldocentro. pt; https: //www. thinkgeoenergy. com/ 13

Geothermal technologies in Portugal Videos on geothermal energy in Portugal developed at the Geothermal Seminar, October 2019 in Porto (Portuguese language): https: //www. youtube. com/playlist? list=PLszj_tlk. HXN 2 je. IPU 56 b 9 gg. PBFk. Qi. UDg. C Thank you! Ana Palmero (apalmero@fe. up. pt)