LOGIC THE SCIENCE AND ART OF REASONING WELL

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LOGIC THE SCIENCE AND ART OF REASONING WELL

LOGIC THE SCIENCE AND ART OF REASONING WELL

Laws of Thought: 1. Law of Excluded Middle 2. Law of Identity 3. Law

Laws of Thought: 1. Law of Excluded Middle 2. Law of Identity 3. Law of Noncontradiction

Laws of Thought 1. Law of Excluded Middle: Any statement is either true or

Laws of Thought 1. Law of Excluded Middle: Any statement is either true or false.

Laws of Thought 2. Law of Identity: If a statement is true, then it

Laws of Thought 2. Law of Identity: If a statement is true, then it is true.

Laws of Thought 3. Law of Non. Contradiction: A statement cannot be both true

Laws of Thought 3. Law of Non. Contradiction: A statement cannot be both true and false.

A term is a concept with a precise meaning expressed by one or more

A term is a concept with a precise meaning expressed by one or more words.

A single term can be expressed by many different words. Words that are exact

A single term can be expressed by many different words. Words that are exact synonyms represent the same term, such as small and little.

Also, a single word can represent different terms. For example, mad can mean insane

Also, a single word can represent different terms. For example, mad can mean insane or angry.

A definition is a statement that gives the meaning of a term.

A definition is a statement that gives the meaning of a term.

Definitions show relationships. A child is young human being. This definition of child shows

Definitions show relationships. A child is young human being. This definition of child shows a relationship between it and other human beings.

Definitions remove ambiguity. Ambiguity: uncertainty or inexactness of meaning in language Words are ambiguous

Definitions remove ambiguity. Ambiguity: uncertainty or inexactness of meaning in language Words are ambiguous when they have more than one meaning. Ms. Yergler is mad. (Do you mean angry or insane? ) Lexical definitions are definitions that remove ambiguity.

Definitions remove vagueness. A word is vague when its extent is unclear. Words like

Definitions remove vagueness. A word is vague when its extent is unclear. Words like old, tall, warm are vague because they don’t tell how old, how tall, or how warm. Precising definitions remove vagueness. Tall: greater than six feet

Definitions increase vocabulary. When a new word is invented, or an existing word is

Definitions increase vocabulary. When a new word is invented, or an existing word is used in a new way, it is given a stipulative definition. Laptop was added to the dictionary in 1985.

Definitions can influence attitudes. For example, is school “forced boredom” or “an opportunity to

Definitions can influence attitudes. For example, is school “forced boredom” or “an opportunity to learn and grow? ”

Practice: 1. What are three laws of thought? 2. Write a lexical definition of

Practice: 1. What are three laws of thought? 2. Write a lexical definition of “child” so that it shows the relationship between child and adult. 3. Write a persuasive definition of video games from the perspective of a mother who thinks her child plays too many violent video games. 4. Invent a stipulative definition for the word ploff.

Logic Reasoning Deductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning logically fromLogic Reasoning Deductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning logically from
Logic and Logic Programming Logic Propositional Logic FirstLogic and Logic Programming Logic Propositional Logic First
Logic Introduction to Logic What is logic LogicLogic Introduction to Logic What is logic Logic
Patterns and Inductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning is reasoningPatterns and Inductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning is reasoning
Reasoning and Proof Deductive Reasoning Deductive reasoning DeductiveReasoning and Proof Deductive Reasoning Deductive reasoning Deductive
MOTIVATED REASONING MOTIVATED REASONING What is motivated reasoningMOTIVATED REASONING MOTIVATED REASONING What is motivated reasoning
Reasoning as Search Reasoning We can describe reasoningReasoning as Search Reasoning We can describe reasoning
CaseBased Reasoning CaseBased Reasoning CBR Casebased reasoning CBRCaseBased Reasoning CaseBased Reasoning CBR Casebased reasoning CBR
Inductive Reasoning v Deductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning movesInductive Reasoning v Deductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning moves
Reasoning as Search Reasoning We can describe reasoningReasoning as Search Reasoning We can describe reasoning
Reasoning System Reasoning System Reasoning with rules ForwardReasoning System Reasoning System Reasoning with rules Forward
Reasoning System Reasoning System Reasoning with rules ForwardReasoning System Reasoning System Reasoning with rules Forward
REASONING Deductive reasoning syllogisms Reasoning Syllogisms are examplesREASONING Deductive reasoning syllogisms Reasoning Syllogisms are examples
Artificial Intelligence Reasoning Reasoning Reasoning is the processArtificial Intelligence Reasoning Reasoning Reasoning is the process