Lenses Types of Lenses Principal Focus Ray Diagrams

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Lenses

Lenses

Types of Lenses Principal Focus Ray Diagrams Magnification Power of a lens

Types of Lenses Principal Focus Ray Diagrams Magnification Power of a lens

What is a lens? • An optical device • Which transmits and refracts light

What is a lens? • An optical device • Which transmits and refracts light

Types of Lenses • Converging lens – a. k. a convex lens – thickest

Types of Lenses • Converging lens – a. k. a convex lens – thickest in the center and bends light inwards

• Parallel rays entering a converging lens leave and converge at one point

• Parallel rays entering a converging lens leave and converge at one point

Types of Lenses • Diverging lens – a. k. a concave lens – thinnest

Types of Lenses • Diverging lens – a. k. a concave lens – thinnest at the center and spreads light out

• Parallel rays entering a diverging lens leave and spread out

• Parallel rays entering a diverging lens leave and spread out

Our main focus • Converging lens • Specifically, the double converging lens

Our main focus • Converging lens • Specifically, the double converging lens

Optical center • Center of a lens C Principal Axis

Optical center • Center of a lens C Principal Axis

Principal focus • Point • where parallel rays converge

Principal focus • Point • where parallel rays converge

Focal Length Distance from center to focus Power of a lens = 1/f f

Focal Length Distance from center to focus Power of a lens = 1/f f C f

Ray Diagram • Uses arrows to represent light rays • Predicts the image formed

Ray Diagram • Uses arrows to represent light rays • Predicts the image formed by any optical device

Special Terms • Object –The source of light rays • Image –The result formed

Special Terms • Object –The source of light rays • Image –The result formed by converging light rays

Constructing a Ray Diagram • Ray 1: Parallel to the principal axis • Refracted

Constructing a Ray Diagram • Ray 1: Parallel to the principal axis • Refracted through the principal focus f C f

Constructing a Ray Diagram • Ray 2: Passes through the optical center • Undeviated

Constructing a Ray Diagram • Ray 2: Passes through the optical center • Undeviated (for a thin lens) f C f

Constructing a Ray Diagram • Ray 3: Passes through the principal focus • Refracted

Constructing a Ray Diagram • Ray 3: Passes through the principal focus • Refracted parallel to the principal axis f C f

Again, again! f C f

Again, again! f C f

Description of images formed • Real Image • Virtual Image

Description of images formed • Real Image • Virtual Image

Real Image • Image formed by rays that actually pass through it • Can

Real Image • Image formed by rays that actually pass through it • Can be produced on a screen

Real Image f C f

Real Image f C f

Virtual Image • Image formed by rays which seem to come from it but

Virtual Image • Image formed by rays which seem to come from it but do not pass through it • Cannot be produced on a screen

Virtual Image f C f

Virtual Image f C f

Description of images formed • Upright • Inverted

Description of images formed • Upright • Inverted

Upright Image f C f

Upright Image f C f

Inverted Image f C f

Inverted Image f C f

Description of images formed • Diminished • Magnified • Same size

Description of images formed • Diminished • Magnified • Same size

Diminished Image f C f

Diminished Image f C f

Magnified Image f C f

Magnified Image f C f

Magnified Image f C f

Magnified Image f C f

Magnification, m • height of image ÷ height of object • Distance of image

Magnification, m • height of image ÷ height of object • Distance of image ÷ distance of object

Same Size Image 2 f f C f 2 f

Same Size Image 2 f f C f 2 f

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