KEY ISSUE 3 Why Do People Migrate People

KEY ISSUE 3 Why Do People Migrate?

People decide to migrate because of a combination of two factors. • Push factors induce people to move out of their present location. • Pull factors induce people to move into a new location. PUSH MIGRATION PULL

Three major types of push and pull factors 1. Political 2. Environmental 3. Economic

POLITICAL PUSH FACTORS • Religious Persecution • Political Persecution • Intolerance of dissent • Abuse of power by ruling parties • Racial/Ethnic/Identity-Based Discrimination • Open Violence /Conflict

ENVIRONMENTAL PUSH FACTORS • WATER – Too much OR too little • Global Warming • Deteriorating Land Quality • Natural Disasters • Hurricanes • Floods • Landslides • Volcanoes/Geological Events

Flooding in Jakarta, Indonesia

A FLOODPLAIN is an area periodically inundated when a river floods. They are named for how often it is estimated they flood - i. e. , ‘ 100 year floodplain’.

Former mining town in New Mexico

The Aral Sea in Central Asia

Earthquake damage in Taiwan

Male- Capital of the Maldives Most of the Maldives- and other small island nations- are located only a few feet above sea level. CLIMATE CHANGE threatens to erase these places from the

ECONOMIC PUSH FACTORS • Population Pressure • Weak National Economies • Poor Purchasing Power of Inflated Local Currencies • Poor Job Market • No opportunities for more educated

The attractiveness of a destination region rises and falls along with economic winds. 19 th- Early 20 th Century

DUBAI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)

DUBAI, 1985

RAVENSTEIN’S LAWS � Ravenstein’s laws allow geographers to make generalizations about migration. They ‘govern’ 3 areas: � 1. ) the DISTANCE of migration � 2. ) the REASON for migration � 3. ) the CHARACTERISTICS of migrants

Ravenstein’s laws on DISTANCE OF MIGRATION � Most migration is shortdistance and within the same country. � Long-distance and international migration generally flows toward centers of economic activity.

Ravenstein’s law of REASONS FOR MIGRATION �Most people migrate for ECONOMIC reasons. �Political & environmental factors cause people to migrate- but not as often as economics.

Ravenstein’s law of CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRANTS �Most long-distance migrants are MALE. �Most long-term migrations is by INDIVIDUALS, not by families or other groups.

� United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) recognizes three groups of forced political migrants. 1. A refugee has been forced to migrate to avoid a potential threat to his or her life, and they cannot return for fear of persecution.

2. An internally displaced person (IDP) is similar to a refugee, but they have not migrated across an international border.

2. An asylum seeker is someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee.

• All of these terms differ from the more general name ‘MIGRANT, ’ which refers to someone who has chosen to leave their home in search of a better life. • REFUGEES are granted special protections in many countries, while MIGRANTS are often given a far less warm welcome.

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One last category- • CLIMATE REFUGEES (also called environmental refugees) are people FORCED to flee by natural disasters or global warming. • Even though they were FORCED to migrate, they ARE NOT ENTITLED TO THE SAME PROTECTIONS AS TRADITIONAL REFUGEES.

EXIT SLIP QUESTIONS (5 pts) �SOCRATIVE. COM �‘Limeburner. Room’ (One word)