Jain Universe Pravin K Shah Jaina Education Committee

Jain Universe Pravin K. Shah Jaina Education Committee Jain Study Center of North Carolina 509 Carriage Woods Circle Cary, NC 27513 Website: www. jainelibrary. org e-mail: jainaedu@gmail. com 919 -859 -4994 H, 919 -889 -1900 Cell

Preaching Methods of Lord Mahavir preached Jain religion and its philosophy and spirituality using four different methods known as Four Anuyogs 1. Stories (Pratham_anuyog) Historical, non-historical, and mythology 2. Conduct (Charan_anuyog) Self control, penance, repentance, and nonviolence 3. Mathematics (Ganit_anuyog / Karan_anuyog) Karma and its classification Various stages of Soul's spiritual development based on Karma Structure and Function Universe 4. Philosophy or Adhyatma (Dravya_anuyog) Spirituality

Jain Universe Akas (Space) Lokakas Jiva and Ajiva Exist Height - 14 Rajlok Alokakas Empty - Void Infinite

Jain Universe

Yojan and Rajlok Measurement Yojan 1 Danda or Bow 2000 Danda or Bow 4 Kosha = 6 feet = 1 Kosha = 1 Yojan (@ 9. 0 miles) Another book gives different measurement 1 Dhanu = 6 feet 4000 Dhanu = 1 Yojan (@4. 5 miles) 1000 Yojans = 1 Mahayojan Rajlok or Rajju A distance traveled by a deva (a heavenly god) in six months at a rate of 2, 057, 152 Yojan in one samay (Samay = smallest unit of time = @1/4 second) or The distance traveled in six months by a ball of iron weighing 1, 000 bhar (1000 tolas or 25 lb. ) let fall freely from Indralok (heaven). = @1. 15 x 10 E 21 miles

Universe (Lokakas) Total Height = 14 Rajlok Upper world height = 7 Rajlok Middle world height = 1800 Yojans 900 Yojan up from center of the surface 900 Yojan down from center of the surface Width = 1 Rajlok Lower world height = 7 Rajlok Lokakas Volume (Digambar) = 343 Cubic Rajlok Lokakas Volume (Swetambar)= 239 Cubic Rajlok

Universe (Lokakas) Who Lives Where? (Residents) Upper World • Liberated Souls (Moksha) • Vaimanik devas 12 /16 Devaloks, 9 Graivek, 5 Anuttar devas Middle World • Jyotishka devas (above 900 yojans) • Humans, Tiryanch (on surface) • Vyan vantar devas (below 900 yojans) Lower World • Bhavanpati devas • Narakis

Upper World

Upper World Height = 7 Rajlok or Rajju Moksha, 5 Anuttaras, 9 Graiveks, 12 or 16 Devloks Liberated Souls - lives in Moksha Vaimanik devas (3 sub-categories) Higher Vaimanik devas (Anuttara and Graiveks) Anuttara devas attain liberation either in next birth or third birth Each deva is independent Lower Vaimanik devas Organized like Earthly kingdoms Rulers (Indra), Counselors, Guards, Followers, Armies

Middle World Consist of 900 yojans above and 900 yojans below Earth surface Jambudvip is in the Center of the Middle World Surrounding Jambudvip, an innumerable series of concentric rings of alternate oceans and islands (dvip or continents) Residents Jyotishka devas (gods of light) - 790 to 900 yojans above earth Human, Tiryanch (Animals, birds, etc. . . ) on the surface Vyan vantar devas - 100 yojan below surface of Earth World of Human (Manushya_lok) Consist of two and half continents Jambudvip, Dhataki_khanda, and half of Puskara_dvip

List of 64 Indras – Celebrates Birthday of Tirthankar List of 64 Indras who perform Trthankar Abhishek after Birth on Mount Meru • Bhavanpati – 20 (There are 10 Bhavanpati places and each divides in North and South and each one has one Indra) • Vyatar – 16 (There are 8 Vyatar places and each divides in North and South and each one has one Indra) • Vyan Vyatar – 16 (There are 8 Vyan Vyatar places and each divides in North and South and each one has one Indra) • Jyotishk Dev – 2 - One Moon and One Sun (There 2 Suns and 2 Moons exist in Jambudweep but one of them comes for Abhishek) • Vaimanik – 10 (one Indra each from first 8 Devlok + One Indra from 9 th and 10 th and One Indra from 11 th and 12 th Devlok)

Middle World (Madhyalok) Two and Half Island

Jyotishka Devas Distance from Earth surface Stars (Tara) = 790 yojans Sun (Surya) = 800 yojans Moon (Chandra) = 880 yojans Constellation (Nakshatra) = 884 yojans Planets (Graha) Mercury (Budha) = 888 yojans Venus (Shukra) = 891 yojans Jupiter (Guru or Brahaspati) = 894 yojans Mars (Mangal) = 897 yojans Saturn (Shani) = 900 yojans Remaining planets = 888 to 900 yojans

Mount Meru

Mount Meru

Number of Jyotishka Devas (Two and Half Continents) Location Moon Sun Planet Constellation Stars Jambu Dvip Island 2 2 176 56 133, 950 E 14 Lavan Samudra Ocean 4 4 352 112 267, 900 E 14 Dhataki Khand Island 12 12 1056 336 803, 700 E 14 Kalodadhi Samudra Ocean 42 42 3696 1176 2, 812, 950 E 14 Pushkar Dvip Island 72 72 6336 2096 4, 822, 200 E 14 Total 132 11696 3696 8, 840, 600 E 14 • Only stars are in 10 million X 10 million unit (10 E 14)

Jambudvip Center of the Middle World Diameters 100, 000 yojans Mount Meru is at the center Illuminated by two Moons and two Suns Six mountains run from East to West, divide into seven huge continents Each continent is watered by two great rivers

Jambu-dvip

Jambu-dvip

Jambu-dvip § Seven Continents and Six Mountains 1. Airavata (North) - Rakta and Raktoda Rivers 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Shikhari Mountain Airanyavant - Rupyakula and Suvarnakula Rivers Rukmi Mountain Ramyak - Narkanta and Narikanta Rivers Nil Mountain Mahavideh (Middle) - Sitoda and Sita Rivers Nishidh Mountain Harivarsha - Harikanta and Harita Rivers Mahahimvant Mountain Himavant - Rohitasya and Rohita Rivers Himvant Mountain Bharata (South) - Sindhu and Ganga Rivers

Karma and Akarma Bhumi Karma_bhumi (Land of Action) • Three Continents Bharata, Airavata, and Mahavideh • Tirthankars are born only in Karma_bhumi • Religion exist and Liberation is possible Akarma_bhumi (Land of No Action) • Four Continents Hemavat, Harivarsha, Ramyak, Hiranyavat • Two Sub-continents of Mahavideh Devkuru and Uttarkuru • Congenital pairs (yugalins) live • Land is adorned with wish-granting trees (kalpa_vraksa) and magnificent ponds. • No Tirthankar is born • No Religion exist and hence no liberation

Bharat_kshetra • Located in the Southern part of Jambudvip • Vaitadhya mountain runs from East to West in the middle (width 50 yojan) divides into two halves (North and South) • Two rivers (Ganga and Sindhu) run from North to South. They divide each North and South sections into three sub_continents • Mountain has two tunnels connecting North and South section • Chakravarti king rules all six sub_continents (only he can pass through the tunnels) • Vasudev king rules three sub_continents • Southern middle sub_continent is known as Arya_kshetra • Remaining five sub_continents are known as Anarya_kshetra (Malechchha) • Tirthankar is born only in Arya_kshetra

Bharat-kshetra (India)

Mahavedah - kshetra Mount Meru is located at the center. It is buttressed by the two Vaksara mountain ranges which surround two countries known as Uttara_kuru and Deva_kuru. Both Kurus are Akarma_bhumi and where congenital pairs (yugalins) live. Two rivers (Sita and Sitoda) divides into four parts Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest Each part has 8 sub_continents Total 32 sub_continents known as 32 vijays A Tirthankar may born in each vijay At present four Tirthankaras exist as follows • • Northeast (Ishan) Southeast (Agni) Southwest (Nairutya) Northwest (Vayavya) - Simandhar_swami (8 th vijay) - Yugamandhar_swami (9 th vijay) - Bahu_swami (24 th vijay) - Subahu_swami (25 th vijay)

Manushya_Lok - (World of Humans) Humans reside only in Two and Half dvips (continents) Jambudvip Dhataki_khanda Half of Puskara_dvip Dhataki_khanda is twice as large as Jambudvip. It has twice the number of mountains, rivers and continents of Jambudvip. Puskara_dvip is twice as large as Dhataki_khanda but humans reside only in half of Puskar dvip. Hence it has also twice the number of mountains, rivers, and continents of Jambu_dvip.

Manushya_Lok (World of Humans) cont. . Hence Manushya_lok consist of: Fifteen Karma_bhumi, Five Bharat_kshetra, Five Airavat_kshetra, Five Mahavideh_kshetra (includes Five Mount Meru), Thirty Akarma_bhumi. Human, Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist Human population of Manushya_lok is 10 E 29 Outside Manushya_lok Only Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist Liberation is attained only from Karma_bhumi of Manushya_lok

Nandishwar-dvip 52 Eternal Temples

Lower World Residents Narakis (Hellish) Bhavanvasi devas Naga_kumar, Asur_kumar, Padmavati 7 infernal regions (Narakis) 1 st region = 1 Rajju wide 7 th region = 7 Rajju wide Each infernal region is made up of Clay, Ice (solid water) Solid air (ghan vayu) Thin air (tan vayu) Space (akas)

Lower World continued. . Suffering increases from 1 st to 7 th Hell (Narakis) Burning heat Intense cold Nauseous smells Unquenchable thirst Insatiable hunger Unavoidable torture from each other Ill treatment from Asuras (upto 3 Narakis) (Asuras are Bhavanpati devs)

Summary Earth is Flat Earth is not moving Sun and Moon moves around Mount Meru (Earth) Two Suns and Two Moons exist in Jambu-dvip Mahavideh-kshetra connected to Bharat-kshetra via land (mountains, rivers, etc. . ) Sun is closer to Earth than Moon

Two Ways to be Fooled There are two ways to be fooled. “One is to believe what isn't true; the other is to refuse to believe what is true. " - Soren Kierkegaard Scientists at the university of Kalamazoo and the University of Oshkosh have simultaneously confirmed beyond a reasonable doubt that The Earth is not flat and that cruise ships will not fall off the planet and sail off into space on round-the-world excursions.