Intro to Tourism Hospitality Chapter 1 Copyright Introduction

Intro to Tourism & Hospitality Chapter 1

Copyright Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality in BC by Morgan Westcott, Editor, (c) Capilano University is used under a CC-BY 4. 0 International license. This chapter is by Morgan Westcott and is used under a CC-BY 4. 0 International license.

Learning Outcomes Specify the commonly understood definitions of tourism and tourist Classify tourism into distinct industry groups using North American Industry Classification Standards (NAICS) Define hospitality Gain knowledge about the origins of the tourism industry

Learning Outcomes Provide an overview of the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism worldwide Understand the history of tourism development in Canada and British Columbia Analyze the value of tourism in Canada and British Columbia Identify key industry associations and understand their mandates

What is Tourism?

What is a Tourist? Domestic Inbound Outbound (UNWTO, 1995) Figure 1. 1: Nelson, BC

NAICS Classifications Accommodations Food and Beverage Recreation and Entertainment Transportation Travel Services (Government of Canada, 2013)

What is Hospitality? Food and Beverage Accommodations “The business of helping people feel welcome and relaxed and enjoy themselves” (Discover Hospitality, 2015) Figure 1. 2: Students attending a conference

Origins of Tourism Historically, travel for leisure was reserved for the elite “Grand Tour”, religious pilgrimages “Hospitality” first appeared in print in the 14 th century, “Tourist” in the 17 th Cox and Kings, first travel agency, founded in 1758 Thomas Cook, first leisure travel agency, 1841

Origins of Tourism Rail travel popular Automobile touring at turn of the century 1952 first commercial air flights launched from London to South Africa and Sri Lanka 1950 s Club Med launched 1960 s jet age and mass tourism 2000 s start of internet age

Major Disruptions to Tourism World War I Great Depression World War II September 11, 2001 (9/11) War in Iraq SARS, BSE, West Nile, Ebola

Economic Impacts In 2011 international tourism receipts over $1 trillion (UNWTO 2012) Tourism can help build struggling, developing economies Tourism is an EXPORT industry

Social Impacts Increase in amenities Investment in arts/culture Celebration of indigenous culture Community pride All if developed conscientiously (UNEP, 2003 a) Figure 1. 3: a First Nations sculpture at VIU

Social Impacts Changes or loss of indigenous identity and values Culture clashes Physical causes of social stress (increased demand for resources) Ethical issues (sex tourism, exploitation of children) (UNEP, 2003 a)

Environmental Impacts Depletion of natural resources (water, forests, etc. ) Pollution (air, noise, sewage, waste, littering) Physical impacts (construction activities, marina development, trampling, loss of biodiversity) Contribution to climate change (air travel) (UNEP, 2003 b)

Origins of Tourism in Canada Dawn of railway age 1830 s Brewsters tours in 1892 First road trip across Canada in 1912 1935 Quebec spent $250, 000 on tourism promotions Trans-Canada Highway opened in 1962 Figure 1. 4: Canadian Pacific Railway

Origins of Tourism in Canada Air Canada formed 1937 1885 Banff Canada’s First national park 1970 s national parks system established SARS 2003 Tourism earned $78. 8 billion in 2011 Tourism in Canada recently on the decline

Origins in BC CPR opened Hotel Vancouver in 1887 1937 Bureau of Industrial and Tourist Development started 1954 Vancouver hosted British Empire Games 1961 Chairlift opens on Tod Mountain (Sun Peaks) 1970 Hotel Room Tax Act 1978 Construciton on Whistler Village EXPO ‘ 86 Coquihalla opens 1990 2003 win the bid 2010 Games

Tourism in BC Today In 2012, generated $13. 5 billion in revenue in BC 18, 000 businesses 127, 000 people employed Are we diverse or fragmented? Figure 1. 5: Vancouver 2010 Games

Conclusion Complex set of industries from accommodation to travel services Tourism is large in scope and contributes significantly to global, national, local economies Our job to learn and share about the value of tourism Figure 1. 6: Canadian Tourism College

References Brewster Travel Canada. (2014). About Us – Brewster History. Retrieved from http: //www. brewster. ca/corporate/about-brewster/brewster-history/ Canadian Geographic. (2000, September). Flying through time: Canadian aviation history. Retrieved from http: //www. canadiangeographic. ca/magazine/so 00/aviation_history. asp Chaney, Edward. (2000). The evolution of the grand tour: Anglo-Italian cultural relations since the Renaissance. Portland OR: Routledge. Cox & Kings. (2014). About us – History. Retrieved from http: //www. coxandkings. co. uk/aboutus-history Dawson, Michael. (2004). Selling British Columbia: Tourism and consumer culture, 18901970. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. Discover Hospitality. (2015). What is hospitality? Retrieved from http: //discoverhospitality. com. au/what-is-hospitality/

References Flightglobal. (2002). Sixty years of the jet age. Retrieved from http: //www. flightglobal. com/features/jet-age/ Globe and Mail, The. (2014, March 28). Ten things you don’t know about Air Canada. Retrieved from http: //www. theglobeandmail. com/life/travel-news/10 -things-you-likely-dont-know-about-aircanada/article 17725796/? page=all Government of Canada. (2013, July 5). Appendix E: Tourism industries in the human resource module. Retrieved from http: //www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/13 -604 -m/2013072/appe-anne-eng. htm Griffiths, Ralph, Griffiths, G. E. (1772). Pennant’s tour in Scotland in 1769. The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal XLVI: 150. Retrieved from Google Books. Gyr, Ueli. (2010, December 3). The history of tourism: Structures on the path to modernity. European History Online (EHO). Retrieved from http: //ieg-ego. eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/the-history-of-tourism Latin definition for hospes, hospitis. (2014). In Latdict – Latin Dictionary and Grammar Resources. Retrieved from http: //www. latin-dictionary. net/definition/22344/hospes-hospitis

References Library and Archives Canada. (n. d. ). Ties that bind: Essay. A brief history of railways in Canada. Retrieved from http: //www. collectionscanada. gc. ca/trains/021006 -1000 -e. html Mac. Eachern, A. (2012, August 17). Goin’ down the road: The story of the first cross-Canada car trip. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http: //www. theglobeandmail. com/news/national/goin-down-the-road-the-story-of-the-first-cross-canada-car-trip/article 4487425/ Magnes, W. (2010, May 26). The evolution of British Columbia’s tourism regions: 1970 -2010. Retrieved from http: //linkbc. ca/site. Files/85/files/Link. BCMagnes. Paper 2011. pdf Pricewaterhouse. Cooopers, LLC. (2009). Opportunity BC 2020: Tourism sector. Prepared for the BC Business Council. Retrieved from http: //www. bcbc. com/content/558/2020_200910_Mansfield_Tourism. pdf Thomas Cook Group of Companies. (2014). Thomas Cook history. Retrieved from http: //www. thomascook. com/thomas-cook-history/ Tourism Industry Association of BC. (2014). Value of tourism toolkit: Why focus on the value of tourism? Retrieved from http: //www. tiabc. ca/value-of-tourism-toolkit Tourism Industry Association of Canada. (2014, October 14). Travel industry poised to boost Canadian exports: US market and border efficiencies central to growth potential. Retrieved from http: //tiac. travel/cgi/page. cgi/_zine. html/Top. Stories/Travel_Industry_Poised_to_Boost_Canad

References Tourism Industry Association of Canada, HLT Advisory. (2012). The Canadian tourism industry: A special report. Retrieved from http: //www. hlta. ca/reports/The_Canadian_Tourism_Industry_-_A_Special_Report_Web_Optimized_. pdf United Nations and World Tourism Organization. (1995). Recommendations on tourism statistics. Retrieved from http: //unstats. un. org/unsd/newsletter/unsd_workshops/tourism/st_esa_stat_ser_M_83. pdf United Nations Environment Programme. (2003 a). Negatives Socio-cultural impacts from tourism. Retrieved from http: //www. unep. org/resourceefficiency/Business/Sectoral. Activities/Tourism/Factsand. Figuresabout. Tourism/Impactsof. Tourism/Socio. Cultural. Impacts/Negative. Socio-Cultural. Impacts. From. Tourism/tabid/78781/Default. aspx United Nations Environment Programme. (2003 b). Tourism’s three main impact areas. Retrieved from http: //www. unep. org/resourceefficiency/Business/Sectoral. Activities/Tourism/The. Tourismand. Environment. Programme/Factsand. Figur esabout. Tourism/Impactsof. Tourism/Environmental. Impacts/Tourisms. Three. Main. Impact. Areas/tabid/78776/Default. aspx United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2008). Understanding tourism: Basic glossary. Retrieved from http: //media. unwto. org/en/content/understanding-tourism-basic-glossary United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2012, May 7). International tourism receipts surpass US$ 1 trillion in 2011. Retrieved from http: //media. unwto. org/en/press-release/2012 -05 -07/international-tourism-receipts-surpass-us-1 -trillion-2011 United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2014 a). UNWTO world tourism barometer, 12 (1). Retrieved from http: //dtxtq 4 w 60 xqpw. cloudfront. net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_barom 14_04_august_excerpt_0. pdf

Attributions Figure 1. 1 Selkirk College and Nelson by Link. BC is used under a CC-BY 2. 0 license. Figure 1. 2 Capilano University’s Team by Link. BC is used under a CC-BY 2. 0 license. Figure 1. 3 Vancouver Island University by Link. BC is used under a CC-BY 2. 0 license. Figure 1. 4 Canadian Pacific 4 -4 -0 A-2 -m No 136 by Peter Broster is used under a CC-BY 2. 0 license. Figure 1. 5 Switzerland vs. Canada by s. yume is used under a CC-BY 2. 0 license. Figure 1. 6 CTC’s Boardroom by Link. BC is used under a CC-BY 2. 0 license.