Industry and Immigration 1865 1914 Lesson 6 New

Industry and Immigration (1865 -1914) Lesson 6 New Ways of Life

Industry and Immigration (1865 -1914) Lesson 6 New Ways of Life Learning Objectives • • • Explain how technology, new types of stores, and marketing changed Americans' standard of living. Analyze mass culture and education in the late 1800 s. Describe new popular cultural movements in the late 1800 s.

Industry and Immigration (1865 -1914) Lesson 6 New Ways of Life Key Terms • • • Mark Twain Gilded Age conspicuous consumerism mass culture Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst Horatio Alger Tin Pan Alley vaudeville

Free Enterprise Improves Life Novelist Mark Twain satirized American life in his 1873 novel, The Gilded Age. He depicted American society as gilded, or having a rotten core covered with gold paint. Most Americans were not as cynical. The dizzying array of things to do and buy convinced the growing middle class that modern America was in a true golden age.

Free Enterprise Improves Life • • New Ways of Shopping Technology and Free Enterprise Lead to Higher Standards of Living

Free Enterprise Improves Life Once the bicycle was mass-produced, it became a popular mode of transportation for people who lived in the city.

Free Enterprise Improves Lives The Gilded Age – Cynical term used by Twain. Rotten core covered by gold paint. Golden Age – shopping, sports, reading, and entertainment. Application of scientific discoveries and technological innovations coupled with the free enterprise system improved standard of living in US. As people began to work for wages – began to buy stuff. Conspicuous consumerism – people wanted to buy new products on the market. Rowland H. Macy in 1858, opened first ever department store. Later, Jordan Marsh, Marshall Field, and John Wanamaker. Post Office rates declined and we had rural free delivery – catalogue More you bought – the higher in society.

A Mass Culture Develops One of the effects of the spread of transportation, communication, and advertising was that Americans all across the country became more and more alike in their consumption patterns. Rich and poor could wear the same clothing styles, although the quality of that clothing varied. Household gadgets, toys, and food preferences were often the same from house to house. This phenomenon is known as mass culture.

A Mass Culture Develops • • • The Newspaper Industry Expands The Arts Reflect the Characteristics and Issues of the Times The Growth of Public Schools

A Mass Culture Develops Because of transportation (railroads), communications (telegraph), and advertising – American became similar. Mass Culture – phenomenon of similarity in the US. Joseph Pulitzer – editor and owner of the World. Believed job of newspapers was to inform people and stir up controversy. Yellow Journalism – sensationalistic news stories designed to get most readership – not to report the news. William Randolph Hearst – competitor to Pulitzer with the Morning Journal. Tin Pan Alley – area in New York famous for being a music publishing center. Made sheet music. Player piano’s and then record player High School numbers grew, Kindergartens created, and literacy rate improved to 90 percent

Women Role Changes New inventions gave women time – time to do stuff Carpet sweeper, washing machines, canned food, bought bread and clothing. Extra time went to school, got involved in women’s rights movement, and join clubs to learn how to manage money. U of Wisconsin became first coed college � Nursing and social work Started going on unsupervised dates. Shock! Birth control – double shock! � Margaret Sanger arrested 9 times for pamphlets on sex education (pornography in the mail)

A Mass Culture Develops Joseph Pulitzer's Evening World enjoyed a large readership.

A Mass Culture Develops The rise in literacy rates corresponded to increased attendance in public schools. Analyze Graphs What factors contributed to rising school enrollment rates?

A Boom in Popular Entertainment Urban areas with thousands of people became centers for new types of entertainment in the Gilded Age. Clubs, music halls, and sports venues attracted large crowds with time and money to spend. The middle class began to take vacations at this time, while the working classes looked for opportunities to escape from the busy city, even if just for a day.

A Boom in Popular Entertainment • • Amusement Parks Attract City Dwellers Audiences Flock to Outdoor Events New Forms of Urban Entertainment Organized Sports Attract New Fans

A Boom in Popular Entertainment Coney Island – first amusement park – later hotel and horseracing track (New York) Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show featuring riding, roping, and shooting. Annie Oakley and Sitting Bull. Vaudeville – medley of musical drama, songs, and comedy. (Minstrel Show) Nickelodeons The Great Train Robbery 1876, baseball organized (cricket) Football clubs in College James Naismith invented basketball in 1891 in Massachusetts (YMCA) Boxing – ethnic origins

A Boom in Popular Entertainment Amusement parks attracted large crowds. Compare How do you think today's amusement parks compare to those of the Gilded Age?

Chicago’s Worlds Fair 1893 Called the White City because of its Greek Design, white paint, and electric lights. Columbian Exposition – 400 years after Columbus. Beat out DC, New York, and St. Louis. Got its nickname “The Windy City” Galena in 1832 was bigger, 1871 city destroyed. Remarkable. Had to have a center piece better than Eiffel Tower in France – The Ferris Wheel – 36 cars, 60 people each. Had over 700, 000 people one day Burnt up in fire 6 months later Cream of Wheat, Milton Hershey, Juicy Fruit, Quaker Oats, Chreaded Wheat, Aunt Jemima, Craker Jack, Clasp Locker, Spray Painting, Kitchen Aide and a beer company named Papst won the blue ribbon for best beer.

Quiz: Free Enterprise Improves Life New technologies such as the carpet sweeper and telephone are A. B. C. D. examples of the way in which innovation improved standards of living. inventions that only the wealthy were able to afford. examples of business models that didn't meet consumer needs. inventions that did little to stimulate growth in other industries.

Quiz: A Mass Culture Develops The ideas addressed by writers such as Horatio Alger and Edith Wharton show that literature oftentimes A. B. C. D. was written for the educated upper classes. was difficult to teach in public schools. was a reflection of the realities of life. was out of touch with American values.

Quiz: A Boom in Popular Entertainment What kind of entertainment did Chautauqua tents eventually provide? A. B. C. D. events with baseball games events similar to vaudeville acts events with a religious theme events including roller-coasters