Immigration 1865 1914 America The country where everyone

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Immigration 1865 -1914 “America! The country where everyone could find work! Where wages were

Immigration 1865 -1914 “America! The country where everyone could find work! Where wages were so high no one had to go hungry! Where all men were free and equal and where even the poor could own land! But now we were so near it seemed too much to believe. ” -Rosa Cristoforo (1884)

Immigration Factors • Scarce land • Farm jobs lost to new machines • Political

Immigration Factors • Scarce land • Farm jobs lost to new machines • Political and religious persecution • Revolution • Poverty and hard lives • Promise of freedom and a better life • Family or friends already settled in the United States • Factory jobs available

Arrival in America • Immigrant receiving stations • Long wait • Medical inspection •

Arrival in America • Immigrant receiving stations • Long wait • Medical inspection • Names changed

Old Immigrants • Protestants from Northern and Western Europe • Irish, English, Germans, Scandinavians

Old Immigrants • Protestants from Northern and Western Europe • Irish, English, Germans, Scandinavians • Spoke English • Little discrimination

New Immigrants • Spoke different languages • Celebrated special holidays • Ate different foods

New Immigrants • Spoke different languages • Celebrated special holidays • Ate different foods • Looked different • Wore different clothes • Faced discrimination (Nativists, Chinese Exclusion Act, American Protective Association)

Urbanization • Gradual movement of people from farms to cities • Immigrants settled in

Urbanization • Gradual movement of people from farms to cities • Immigrants settled in cities • Factory jobs

Population Growth in Ten Cities City New York Chicago Population in 1870 1, 478,

Population Growth in Ten Cities City New York Chicago Population in 1870 1, 478, 103 298, 977 Population in 1900 3, 437, 202 1, 698, 575 Philadelphia St. Louis Boston San Francisco New Orleans Denver Los Angeles Memphis 674, 022 351, 189 250, 526 149, 473 191, 418 4, 759 5, 728 40, 226 1, 293, 697 575, 238 560, 892 342, 782 287, 104 133, 859 102, 479 102, 320

Immigrant Life in America • • • Ethnic neighborhoods Tenements, cities Settlement houses Jane

Immigrant Life in America • • • Ethnic neighborhoods Tenements, cities Settlement houses Jane Addams & Hull House Religious organizations to help the poor Assimilation

Segregation & Discrimination • Racist attitudes have been developing since the introduction of slavery

Segregation & Discrimination • Racist attitudes have been developing since the introduction of slavery in America • Many whites felt they were superior to African Americans, Asians, Native Americans, and Latin Americans. • Led to discrimination • Jim Crow Laws • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) “separate but equal” • NAACP formed to help end segregation

City Look Transformed • Skyscrapers • Public transportation (trolleys, subways) • Open spaces (zoos,

City Look Transformed • Skyscrapers • Public transportation (trolleys, subways) • Open spaces (zoos, gardens, parks) • Shopping areas remodeled into Department Stores (1902 R. H. Macy opened a 9 -story building with 33 elevators in New York)

City Life Transformed • Daily Newspaper • Yellow journalism “less news more scandal” •

City Life Transformed • Daily Newspaper • Yellow journalism “less news more scandal” • Vaudeville’s (variety shows) • Ragtime • Baseball • Basketball • Football

Baseball, Basketball, Football

Baseball, Basketball, Football

Education • Growth of schools • Industry grew = needed an educated work force

Education • Growth of schools • Industry grew = needed an educated work force • Typical school day 8: 00 am-4: 00 pm • Learned “three R’s: reading, ‘rithmetic” • Memorized and recited passages • Emphasized discipline and obedience • After 1870 towns building high schools-by 1900 6, 000 • Universities built • Adult education • New reading habits: dime novels, Harper’s Monthly, The Nation

New Writers and Artistic Style • Realists showed the harsh side of life •

New Writers and Artistic Style • Realists showed the harsh side of life • Used local color to make stories realistic • Artists also painted realistic everyday scenes by capturing the local color and “gritty” side of modern life

THE END Immigrants… Welcome to America

THE END Immigrants… Welcome to America