India Pakistan and Afghanistan WarmUp Questions CPS Questions

India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan

Warm-Up Questions CPS Questions (1 - 2) Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Overview Ø The precolonial history of the Mughals in the Indian subcontinent Ø The encounter with Europe and the colonial period in the region Ø The history of the struggle for independence in South Asia Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Overview, cont. Ø What caused the partition and war between India and Pakistan Ø How Muslim-Hindu strife affects the politics and economics of South Asia Ø Which groups have struggled for control in Afghanistan and why Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Quick Write What approach should British India have taken to independence? Why? (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS) Chapter 2, Lesson 3

The Precolonial History of the Mughals in the Indian Subcontinent Ø Early 16 th century, the Mughals invaded India Ø Dynasty lasted 200 years Ø Akbar (1556 -1605): Notable Mughal Ruler Ø Conquered lands Ø Encouraged good relations with Hindus Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Melanie Stetson Freeman / © 2003 The Christian Science Monitor

The Precolonial History of the Mughals in the Indian Subcontinent, cont. Ø Mughals gave the arts room to flower Ø The Taj Mahal ØCrowning achievement of Mughal architecture Ø 20, 000 laborers Ø 22 years to complete Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Melanie Stetson Freeman / © 2003 The Christian Science Monitor

The Encounter With Europe and the Colonial Period in the Region Ø British East India Company Ø 1619: Several trade hubs Ø British had three motives: Ø Trade Ø Maintain security Ø “Uplift” the Indian people Ø The Sepoy Rebellion (1857 -1858) Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Andy Nelson / © 2006 The Christian Science Monitor

Learning Check CPS Questions (3 - 4) Chapter 2, Lesson 3

The History of the Struggle for Independence in South Asia Ø 1885: the Indian National Congress launched Ø Gandhi: led Hindus along the path to the independent country of India Ø Jinnah: “Father of Pakistan” (Muslim-majority country carved out of British India) Chapter 2, Lesson 3 ©Dinodia Images/Alamy Images

What Caused the Partition and War Between India and Pakistan Ø The Congress Party and the Muslim League couldn’t come to terms Ø June 1947: the British Government said it would create two states ØIndia ØPakistan Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Robert Harbison / © 2001 The Christian Science Monitor

What Caused the Partition and War Between India and Pakistan, cont. Ø On 15 August 1947 India became a dominion within the British Commonwealth Ø Hindus make up more than 80 percent of India’s 1. 14 billion people Ø Pakistan’s Muslims are mostly Sunni, but its large Shia minority faces attacks Chapter 2, Lesson 3

What Caused the Partition and War Between India and Pakistan, cont. Ø At independence, Pakistan was made up of two pieces of land—so-called West Pakistan and East Pakistan Ø Geographically, India stood between them Ø Civil disobedience broke out in the East Ø 1971: the independent state of Bangladesh was born Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Learning Check CPS Questions (5 - 7) Chapter 2, Lesson 3

How the Muslim-Hindu Strife Affects the Politics and Economics of South Asia Ø Impact of Cultural Identities Ø A social hierarchy that limits people’s economic potential: India’s caste system Ø Impact of Religion Ø Hindu-Muslim tensions worsened during the 1990 s Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Andy Nelson / © 2006 The Christian Science Monitor

How the Muslim-Hindu Strife Affects the Politics and Economics of South Asia, cont. Ø India Ø Congress continues to rule Ø Economy - world’s 12 th largest Ø Held back by lack of good infrastructure Ø Pakistan Ø Spent much of its history under military rule Ø Economic story is more troubled than India’s Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Which Groups Have Struggled for Control in Afghanistan and Why Ø Afghanistan - known as the crossroads of Central Asia Ø An Islamic country Ø Experts describe Afghanistan’s culture as an ethnic mosaic Ø Most of Afghanistan’s ethnic groups come from someplace else—legacy of centuries of invasion Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Robert Harbison / © 2002 The Christian Science Monitor

Which Groups Have Struggled for Control in Afghanistan and Why, cont. Ø The Taliban are an Islamic fundamentalist militia that governed Afghanistan for several years Ø The Taliban introduced an extremely strict version of Islam Ø And they sheltered 9/11 mastermind Osama Bin Laden Ø US forces and allies began a military campaign against the Taliban Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Review Questions CPS Questions (8 - 10) Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Activity 1: India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan Review Answer the questions on your worksheet about South Asian geography and history Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Activity 2: Comparing Gandhi and Jinnah Create a Venn diagram to compare and contrast Gandhi and Jinnah Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Activity 3: The Legacies of Invasion in Afghanistan Write a short essay on what you think are legacies of centuries of invasion in Afghanistan, and explain why Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Technology Enrichment: Class Dismissed in Swat Valley Watch The New York Times video to explore additional information and take notes. Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Review Ø In the early sixteenth century, the Mughals invaded India Ø The British had three main motives in India: trade, maintain security, and to “uplift” the Indian people Ø Mohandas K. Gandhi would lead Hindus along the path to the independent country of India Ø Mohammad Ali Jinnah would be known as the “Father of Pakistan” Ø Afghanistan has been known as the crossroads of Central Asia Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Summary Ø The precolonial history of the Mughals in the Indian subcontinent Ø The encounter with Europe and the colonial period in the region Ø The history of the struggle for independence in South Asia Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Summary, cont. Ø What caused the partition and war between India and Pakistan Ø How Muslim-Hindu strife affects the politics and economics of South Asia Ø Which groups have struggled for control in Afghanistan and why Chapter 2, Lesson 3

Next… Ø Done—India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan Ø Next—Environmental and Social Issues in Asia Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Mark Sappenfield / © 2007 The Christian Science Monitor