India Pakistan and Bangladesh Independence 1947 India National

India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh

Independence, 1947 • India National Congress, 1885 – Wanted a share in India’s leadership – Turned into independence leadership after WW I – Leadership: Nehru, Gandhi • Muslim League, 1906 – Supported Muslim concerns – Leadership - Nehru • Amristar Massacre, 1919 • Cloth boycott (homespun) • Great Salt March, 1930 • Independence, 1947: created India and Pakistan

Positive Effects of Imperialism India • the world’s third largest railroad network was a major British achievement. • a modern road network, telephone and telegraph lines, dams, bridges, and irrigation canals • Sanitation and public health improved. • Schools and colleges were founded, and literacy increased.

Negative Impact of Imperilaism for India • British held much of the political and economic power. • Restricted Indian-owned industries such as cotton textiles. • Racism against Indians in their own land • Loss of cultural practices and language

• Creation of Pakistan – After independence from Great Britain, Pakistan was split into two parts separated by India • East Pakistan • West Pakistan – The two parts were only held together by their common religion, Islam.

Differences Between the East and West • East Pakistan – very poor (subsidence farmers) • West Pakistan – very rich (many raw materials and petroleum) • Simply put, the rich controlled the poor and the poor became upset • West was also upset over the drain on its resources to aid the east

BANGLADESH War started between West Pakistan & East Pakistan –India sided with the East (Bangladesh) –West Pakistan became Pakistan –East Pakistan became Bangladesh

INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE

Nehru § Ally of Gandhi. § 1 st Prime Minister of India, 1947 -1964. § Industrialized India § Nonaligned Movement § Neutral between USSR and USA

Indira Gandhi § No relation to Mahatma Gandhi § Nehru’s daughter. § Prime Minister of India, 1966 -1984. § Faced rebellion § Assassinated in 1984

Rajiv Gandhi § Indira’s son. § Prime Minister of India, 1984 -1989. § Reformed economy and government § Also faced rebellion § Assassinated in 1991

Major problems & Issues in India today § Overpopulation 1 billion & climbing § Hindu-Muslim tensions § Terrorism § Nuclear Weapons § Political assassinations

Kashmir Conflict • The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the Jammu and Kashmir regions of South Asia

Kashmir Conflict • India and Pakistan have fought several wars over Kashmir, called the Indo. Pakistani Wars of 1947, 1965 and 1999.

Is this a possibility?