HISTORY OF RUSSIA Ms Kseniya Zharchinskaya assistant professor

HISTORY OF RUSSIA Ms. Kseniya Zharchinskaya, assistant professor (Жарчинская Ксения at portal. tpu. ru) November 5 2015

THE NATIONAL RESEARCH TOMSK POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY: HISTORY OF RUSSIA Lecture 2: The Muscovy State. Rise of an Empire • The emergence and growth of Muscovite Russia • The consolidation and centralization policy of Ivan III and Ivan IV • The social life, culture and economics of the Tsardom of Russia • The Time of Troubles (1603 – 1613) and first Romanovs Materials for further reading: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Kaiser, Daniel H. , Gary Marker. Reinterpreting Russian History. Oxford, 1994. Martin, Janet. Medieval Russia, 980 -1584. Cambridge, 1995. Riasanovsky, Nicholas and Mark Steinberg. A History of Russia (various editions). Kliuchevskii, V. O. Course in Russian History (various editions). Richard Pipes. Russia under the Old Regime. 1995. 2

Lecture 2: The Muscovy State. Rise of an Empire Ivan Kalita (1325 – 1340) • Prince of Moscow from 1325. • Grand Prince of state from 1328 (with a right to collect the tribute from other principalities). • Suppressed a rebellion in Tver’ in 1327.

Why was there the rise of small Moscow principality? Moscow dukes cooperated with the Horde Muscovites got Church Loyalty Grand Dukes Of Muscovy used both conquests and flexible policy

Dmitry Donskoy (1350 – 1389) Won a battle of Kulikovo in 1380 (against khan Mamai) Saint of the Russian Orthodox Church The name and memory of Kulikovo gave Russians hope for the end of Tatar invasion

Muscovite Civil War (1425 – 1462) Moscow principle of reign centralized Regional Principle of being autonomous 75

Ivan the Great III (1462– 1505) • 1470, 1471, 1478 – military campaigns against Novgorod • 1480 – finished Mongol domination after the battle near River Ugra • 1485 – military campaign against Tver • Reforming the council of the boyars (боярская дума) • Improved the system of communications • 1497 – Ivan III compiled new Judicial code (Судебник 1497) • Developed stone architecture In Moscow • Centralized the state • Took the title of the Grand duke of all Russia ( «Государь всея Руси» )

Martha, widow of the last head of Novgorod, before deportation in 1478

Ivan the Great III (1462– 1505) • 1470, 1471, 1478 – military campaigns against Novgorod • 1480 – finished Mongol domination after the battle near River Ugra • 1485 – military campaign against Tver • Reforming the council of the boyars (боярская дума) • Improved the system of communications • 1497 – Ivan III compiled new Judicial code (Судебник 1497) • Developed stone architecture In Moscow • Centralized the state • Took the title of the Grand duke of all Russia ( «Государь всея Руси» )

The Cathedral of the Dormition, Also known as Uspensky sobor of Moscow Kremlin built by the Italian architect Aristotele Fioravanti, who created the plans for the Palazzo Bentivoglio in Bologna, 1507.

In 1510 Vasily III forced Pskov to dissolve their city Assembly (Veche)

The social structure of the Muscovy state in XV century Tsar Princelings «Sluzhilyje» «Tjaglo»

Ivan the Terrible (1547 – 1584) • 1550 – New Codex with a confirmation of St George's Day • 1550 – Military reform • 1550 – Administrative reform • 1551 – Stoglav (unified all aspects of faith) • 1555 – Reform of local administration • 1552, 1556 – Ivan IV conquered Khazan and Astrakhan in Volga Izbrannaya rada – elected council with some close friends of Ivan IV, including Aleksey Adashev and the priest Sylvester, who were inspired by the idea of creating a truly Christian state.

«Ecclesia militans» (Tretyakov Gallery) Traditionally perceived as an allegorical representation of the Kazan conquest by Ivan IV. Ivan the Terrible together with other Russian Tsars and Holy martyrs goes from the conquered city to the ‘heavenly gate of Jerusalem’ (which in this case symbolizes Moscow).

Novgorod Massacre (1571)

Ivan the Terrible and souls of his victims by Mikhail Clodt (end of the XIX century)

The evaluation of Ivan IV in literature: • Yanov, Alexander. The Origins of Autocracy: ". . . [it was] an attempt to transform an absolutist political structure into a despotism. . . which determined. . . the entire subsequent historical process in Russia. . . , [but] Ivan successfully cemented autocracy and a centralized government“ • Martin, Janet. Medieval Russia in 980– 1584: "Muscovy from its core, where its centralized political structures depended upon a dying dynasty, to its frontiers, where its villages stood depopulated and its fields lay fallow, was on the brink of ruin“ • Dal, Vladimir, Dictionary ( «Грозный» ): «…courageous, magnificent, magisterial and keeping enemies in fear, but people in obedience»