FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN PLT 304 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN PLT 304 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO POWER GENERATION ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN Introduction to Power System • Power system is an interconnected network with components converting non-electrical energy continuously into the electrical form and transporting the electrical energy from generating source to the load/users. • It can be divide into 3 system: üGeneration–generating and/or sources of electrical energy üTransmission–transporting electrical energy from it sources to load üDistribution–distributing electrical energy from substations to end user/customers. ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN Introduction to Power System • Power system is an interconnected network with components converting non-electrical energy continuously into the electrical form and transporting the electrical energy from generating source to the load/users. • It can be divide into 3 system: üGeneration–generating and/or sources of electrical energy üTransmission–transporting electrical energy from it sources to load üDistribution–distributing electrical energy from substations to end user/customers. ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN Basic Structure of the Electric System ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN Electrical System Concept Four constituent parts of a basic electrical system 1. The source • To provide the energy for the electrical system. 2. The Transmission system • To transfer the energy from the source to the load such as cables or wires as the transmission line. 3. The Control Apparatus • To control the energy that provided by the source. • Simplest example is switch, to permits or interrupts the energy to flow. 4. The Load • To utilize the electrical energy supplied by the source. • Consumer energy ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN National Grid The National Grid is interconnected to Thailand’s transmission system operated by Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) in the North via a HVDC interconnection with a transmission capacity of 300 MW and a 132 k. V HVAC overhead line with maximum transmission capacity of 80 MW. The National Grid is also connected to Singapore’s transmission system at Senoko in the South via two 230 k. V submarine cables with a firm transmission capacity of 200 MW[2]. ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN Grid System Operator Website https: //www. gso. org. my/System. Data/Power. Station. aspx ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN System Voltages q. Voltage Level in Electrical Power System Voltage Level 120/240 V up to 1 k. V Low Voltage (LV) Up to 69 k. V Medium Voltage (MV) Up to 230 k. V High Voltage (HV) Up to 765 k. V Extra High Voltage (EHV) ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN System Voltages q. Supply standards variations between continents by two general standards have emerged as the dominant ones. In Europe In North America IEC governs supply standards IEEE/ANSI governs supply standard The frequency 50 Hz The frequency 60 Hz LV voltage is 230/400 V LV voltage is 110/190 V ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN System Voltages The electricity supply and installation practice in Peninsular Malaysia are governed by the following : 1. Electricity supply Act 1990 -Act 447 2. Licensee supply Regulations 1990 3. Electricity Regulations, 1994 4. Occupational, Safety & Health Act 1994 5. Malaysian Standard MS IEC 60364 Electrical Installation of buildings ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN System Voltages q. The most-common LV supplies are within the range 120 V single phase to 240/415 V 3 -phase 4 -wires. q. Voltage of local LV network and their associated circuit diagrams Country Frequency & tolerance (Hz & %) Domestic (V) Commercial (V) Industrial (V) Netherlands 50+0. 4 230/400 (a) 230 (k) 230/400 (a) 25000 20000 12000 10000 230/400 New Zealand 50+1. 5 400/230 (e) (a) 230 (k) 460/230 (e) 400/230 (e) (a) 230 (k) 11000 400/230 (a) Niger 50+1 230 (k) 380/220 (a) 15000 380/220 (a) Nigeria 50+ 230 (k) 220 (k) 400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) 15000 11000 400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) Norway 50+2 230/400 690 ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN System Voltages q. Voltage of local LV network and their associated circuit diagrams Country Frequency & tolerance (Hz & %) Domestic (V) Commercial (V) Industrial (V) Brunei 50+2 230 11000 68000 Malaysia 50+1 240 (k) 415 (a) 415/240 (a) Indonesia 50+2 220 (k) 380/220 (a) 150000 20000 380/220 (a) Singapore 50 400/230 (a) 22000 6600 400/230 (a) Thailand 50 380/220 (a) 220 (k) 380/220 (a) ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN System Voltages q Circuit diagrams ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN THE END ILMU. KEIKHLASAN. KECEMERLANGAN