Faculty of Computer Science The Instruction Set Architecture

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Faculty of Computer Science The Instruction Set Architecture Registers, Addressing Modes, and Instructions Add

Faculty of Computer Science The Instruction Set Architecture Registers, Addressing Modes, and Instructions Add footer here 12/22/2021 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Machine Levels and Virtual Architectures COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Department of Computing Science Machine Levels and Virtual Architectures COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Add footer here Clements, pp. 12/22/2021 205 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Memory, Processor and Program COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ALL

Department of Computing Science Memory, Processor and Program COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Add footer here Clements, pp. 12/22/2021 207 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Random-Access Memory System COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ALL RIGHTS

Department of Computing Science Random-Access Memory System COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Add footer here Clements, pp. 12/22/2021 208 © 2006

Department of Computing Science The 68 K Register Set COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Department of Computing Science The 68 K Register Set COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Add footer here 12/22/2021 Clements, pp. 211 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Execution of a Three-Address Instruction COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Department of Computing Science Execution of a Three-Address Instruction COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Add footer here 12/22/2021 Clements, pp. 212 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Register Transfer Logic (RTL) Notation Processor Instruction Family Mnemonic 68

Department of Computing Science Register Transfer Logic (RTL) Notation Processor Instruction Family Mnemonic 68 K MOVE DO, (A 5) [A 5] [D 0] ARM ADD R 1, R 2, R 3 [R 1] [R 2] + [R 3] IA 32 MOV ah, 6 [ah] 6 Power. PC li r 25, 10 [r 25] 10 MIPS add $t 0, $s 1, $s 2 [t 0] [s 1] + [s 2] Add footer here RTL definition 12/22/2021 Clements, pp. 209 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Instruction Operands and Destination Three-Address Instruction: One-Address Instruction: ADD P,

Department of Computing Science Instruction Operands and Destination Three-Address Instruction: One-Address Instruction: ADD P, Q, R P ADD P Q R P Accumulator + + Two-Address Instruction: Zero-Address Instruction: ADD P, Q P ADD Q Stack Top + + CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 213 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Some 68 K 2 -address instructions (and one 1 -address)

Department of Computing Science Some 68 K 2 -address instructions (and one 1 -address) Instruction RTL definition ADD D 4, D 1 [D 1] + [D 4] SUB P, D 6 [D 6] - [P] AND D 7, P [P] ^ [D 7] MOVE D 3, D 1 [D 1] [D 3] MOVE X, D 1 [D 1] X MOVE D 2, Y [Y] [D 2] MOVE X, Z [Z] [X] CLR [D 0] 0 D 0 CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 213 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Example: A program to add MOVE. L CLR. B MOVE.

Department of Computing Science Example: A program to add MOVE. L CLR. B MOVE. B Next ADD. B ADD. L SUB. B BNE #Table, A 0 ; A 0 points to the table (A 0 has the address of the Table) D 0 ; Use DO to hold the sum - clear it first #20, D 1 ; There are 20 numbers to add (A 0), D 0 ; Add a number to the total in D 0 #1, A 0 ; Point to the next number in the list #1, D 1 ; Decrement the counter Next ; Repeat until all added in CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 216 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Example: A program to add Must initialize registers and memory

Department of Computing Science Example: A program to add Must initialize registers and memory locations. MOVE. L CLR. B MOVE. B Next ADD. B ADD. L SUB. B BNE #Table, A 0 ; A 0 points to the table (A 0 has the address of the Table) D 0 ; Use DO to hold the sum - clear it first #20, D 1 ; There are 20 numbers to add (A 0), D 0 ; Add a number to the total in D 0 #1, A 0 ; Point to the next number in the list #1, D 1 ; Decrement the counter Next ; Repeat until all added in CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 216 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Example: A program to add Suffixes indicate Data size. MOVE.

Department of Computing Science Example: A program to add Suffixes indicate Data size. MOVE. L CLR. B MOVE. B Next ADD. B ADD. L SUB. B BNE Must initialize registers and memory locations. #Table, A 0 ; A 0 points to the table (A 0 has the address of the Table) D 0 ; Use DO to hold the sum - clear it first #20, D 1 ; There are 20 numbers to add (A 0), D 0 ; Add a number to the total in D 0 #1, A 0 ; Point to the next number in the list #1, D 1 ; Decrement the counter Next ; Repeat until all added in CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 216 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Example: A program to add Suffixes indicate Data size. MOVE.

Department of Computing Science Example: A program to add Suffixes indicate Data size. MOVE. L CLR. B MOVE. B Next ADD. B ADD. L SUB. B BNE Must initialize registers and memory locations. #Table, A 0 ; A 0 points to the table (A 0 has the address of the Table) D 0 ; Use DO to hold the sum - clear it first #20, D 1 ; There are 20 numbers to add (A 0), D 0 ; Add a number to the total in D 0 #1, A 0 ; Point to the next number in the list #1, D 1 ; Decrement the counter Next ; Repeat until all added in # indicates a literal value: MOVE. B #20, D 1 MOVE. B 20, D 1 CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 216 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Example: A program to add Suffixes indicate Data size. MOVE.

Department of Computing Science Example: A program to add Suffixes indicate Data size. MOVE. L CLR. B MOVE. B Next ADD. B ADD. L SUB. B BNE Must initialize registers and memory locations. #Table, A 0 ; A 0 points to the table (A 0 has the address of the Table) D 0 ; Use DO to hold the sum - clear it first #20, D 1 ; There are 20 numbers to add (A 0), D 0 ; Add a number to the total in D 0 #1, A 0 ; Point to the next number in the list #1, D 1 ; Decrement the counter Next ; Repeat until all added in Loads the address of Table, not the content of the memory location at Table # indicates a literal value: MOVE. B #20, D 1 MOVE. B 20, D 1 CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 216 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Addressing modes CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 213 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Addressing modes CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 213 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Addressing modes CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 213 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Addressing modes CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 213 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Addressing modes CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 213 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Addressing modes CMPUT 229 Clements, pp. 213 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Some 68 K Three-Address Instruction Formats COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY

Department of Computing Science Some 68 K Three-Address Instruction Formats COPYRIGHT 2006 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Add footer here 12/22/2021 Clements, pp. 212 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Overview of the 68 K’s instructions Instruction Categories: – Data

Department of Computing Science Overview of the 68 K’s instructions Instruction Categories: – Data movement – Arithmetic – Logical – Shift – Bit – Compare – Control CMPUT 229 © 2006

Department of Computing Science Status Register Status bits: Z-bit: Set if the result is

Department of Computing Science Status Register Status bits: Z-bit: Set if the result is zero N-bit: Set if the result is negative C-bit: Set if the result yields a carry-out V-bit: Set if the result is out of range (overflow) CMPUT 229 © 2006

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